Résumés
Summary
Over the past decade, Korean businesses have experienced significant growth in the proportion of temporary employment. In response, the Korean government has enacted the “Temporary Employment Protection Act” to curb the use of temporary employment. With these legislative changes, Korean employers confront choices about whether to encourage transitions from temporary to permanent employment or to utilise outsourcing/contracting services. The purpose of this study is to explore internal labour markets (ILMs) and investigate why companies are willing to transform temporary employment into permanent employment. Furthermore, in the face of market volatility, we consider how companies are willing to increase the number of temporary workers in order to more easily adjust the numbers and types of human resources, rather than constructing and establishing ILMs within a firm. By investigating the interrelated relationships between ILMs, environmental dynamism, and transitions from temporary to permanent employment status, this study elaborates the features of ILMs in making employment decisions.
The statistical results of this study show that structural elements of ILMs facilitate transitions from temporary to permanent employment. Among ILMs, only seniority-based pay plans reduce the number of permanent employees transferred from temporary status when companies experience dynamic changes in their environments. Furthermore, ILMs exerted greater influences over employers’ decisions about transitions from temporary to permanent employment a few years after the enactment of changes in temporary labour laws and regulations.
This study shows that the features of an employment system determine companies’ decisions about temporary versus permanent employment. ILMs shape and establish organisational norms and cultural traditions that determine employment structures. Furthermore, institutionalised environments also determine whether employers decide to make transitions from temporary to permanent employment. Future studies should pay attention to the features of employment systems as determinants regarding firms’ human capital.
Keywords:
- employment transition,
- temporary employment,
- permanent employment,
- internal labour markets (ILMs),
- flexibility,
- environmental dynamism
Résumé
Durant la dernière décennie, les entreprises coréennes ont connu une hausse significative de leur proportion d’emplois temporaires dans leur emploi total. Le gouvernement coréen a adopté la Loi sur la protection de l’emploi temporaire afin de ralentir le recours à cette forme d’emploi. Les employeurs coréens font face au dilemme suivant : favoriser les transitions d’emplois temporaires vers des emplois permanents ou externaliser ou encore sous-contracter certains services. Le but de cette étude est d’explorer les marchés internes du travail et de chercher à savoir pourquoi des entreprises sont disposées à transformer des emplois temporaires en emplois permanents. Par contre, face à la volatilité des marchés, les entreprises auront tendance à accroître le nombre de leurs travailleurs temporaires pour être en mesure d’ajuster plus facilement le nombre et le type de ressources humaines, plutôt que de construire et établir des marchés internes du travail (MIT) en leur sein. En se penchant sur les interrelations entre les MIT, le dynamisme de l’environnement et les transitions d’emplois de statut temporaire à permanent, notre étude cherche à cerner les caractéristiques des MIT eu égard aux prises de décisions en matière d’emploi.
Les résultats statistiques de l’étude montrent que certains éléments structurels des MIT facilitent les transitions d’emplois temporaires vers des emplois permanents. Parmi les MIT, seuls ceux comportant des régimes de rémunération basés sur l’ancienneté ont affiché une réduction du nombre d’employés permanents à la suite de conversions d’emplois temporaires en emplois permanents après que les entreprises eurent connus des changements dynamiques dans leur environnement. L’effet des MIT sur les décisions des employeurs de favoriser les transitions d’emplois temporaires vers des emplois permanents se fait davantage sentir après quelques années suivant l’adoption de changements dans les lois et règlements sur le travail temporaire.
Cette étude montre que les caractéristiques d’un système d’emploi influent sur les décisions des entreprises dans le choix entre emplois temporaires et emplois permanents. Les MIT configurent et établissent des normes organisationnelles et des traditions culturelles qui à leur tour déterminent les structures d’emplois. De plus, les contextes institutionnels influent aussi sur les décisions des entreprises de favoriser l’une ou l’autre forme d’emploi. Les études à venir sur le sujet devraient mettre davantage l’accent sur les systèmes d’emplois dans la détermination du capital humain des entreprises.
Mots-clés :
- marché interne du travail,
- Corée,
- type d’emploi,
- emploi temporaire,
- emploi permanent,
- système d’emploi
Resumen
En la última década, la proporción de empleo temporal ha experimentado un crecimiento significativo en el medio empresarial coreano. En reacción a esto, el gobierno coreano ha emitido la Ley de protección del empleo temporario para restringir el uso del empleo temporario. Con estos cambios legislativos, los empleadores coreanos se ven confrontados al dilema siguiente: favorecer la transición de empleos temporarios a empleos permanentes o recurrir a la externalización de ciertos servicios y a la sub-contrata. El objetivo de este estudio es de explorar los mercados laborales internos e investigar porqué las empresas estarían dispuestas a convertir empleos temporales en empleos permanentes. Sin embargo, frente a la volatilidad de los mercados, las empresas tendrían tendencia a aumentar el nombre de trabajadores temporales para estar en medida de ajustar más fácilmente la cantidad y el tipo de recursos humanos en lugar de construir y establecer mercados laborales internos en su seno. Abocándose a las interrelaciones entre los mercados laborales internos (MLIs), el dinamismo de los entornos y las transiciones de empleos de estatuto temporario a permanente, nuestro estudio contribuye a precisar las características de los MLI que juegan en las decisiones en materia de empleo.
Los resultados estadísticos del estudio muestran que ciertos elementos estructurales de los MLI facilitan las transiciones de empleos temporales en empleos permanentes. Entre los MLI, solo aquellos con regímenes de remuneraciones basados en la antigüedad han experimentado una reducción de la cantidad de empleados y de empleados permanentes como consecuencia de las conversiones de empleos temporales en empleos permanentes después que las empresas habían conocido cambios dinámicos en sus entornos. Es más, los MLI ejercieron una influencia más importante en las decisiones de los empleadores de favorecer las transiciones de empleos temporales en empleos permanentes algunos años después de la adopción de los cambios legislativos y reglamentos sobre el trabajo temporal.
Este estudio muestra que las características de un sistema de empleo influencian las decisiones de las empresas sobre la opción entre empleos temporarios y empleos permanentes. Los mercados laborales internos configuran y establecen normas organizacionales y tradiciones culturales, las cuales, a su turno, determinan las estructuras de empleos. Es más, los contextos institucionales influencian también las decisiones de las empresas en cuanto a favorecer una u otra forma de empleo. Los estudios futuros sobre el sujeto deberían poner el acento sobre todo en el rol de los sistemas de empleos en la determinación del capital humano de las empresas.
Palabras clave:
- mercado laboral interno,
- Corea,
- estatuto de empleo,
- tipo de empleo,
- empleo temporal,
- empleo permanente,
- sistema de empleo,
- dinamismo del entorno
Parties annexes
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