Résumés
Summary
The present study compares the occupational trajectories of highly skilled immigrants in regulated occupations to those outside of the regulated occupations, from their pre-migration occupation, to their first job in Canada, and to subsequent jobs. Licensing requirements are likely to affect new immigrants’ occupational trajectories since they have a direct effect on how employers assess qualifications. This study utilizes growth curve modeling (GCM) and a unique dataset that contains detailed information on new immigrants’ experiences in Canada: the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada (LSIC).
Our findings indicate that immigrants working in regulated occupations prior to migration who are unable to find jobs in regulated occupations in Canada face a significantly greater drop in occupational status when they first arrive than those working in unregulated professions in their home country. Furthermore, their occupational progression over time is not faster than that of their counterparts from unregulated professions. Those who worked in unregulated fields prior to migration but found jobs in regulated fields in Canada experience an improvement in their occupational status after migration. Lastly, for those who worked in regulated professions in their home country and were able to find jobs within regulated fields in Canada, initial occupational status scores are similar to their scores in their country of origin, and there is little change in occupational status with time in Canada.
The results of this study highlight the importance of ensuring that the licensing process is made easier to navigate for new immigrants. Our findings clearly indicate that immigrants who are able to successfully enter a regulated profession soon after migration fare much better in terms of occupational status than those who are unable to become licensed.
Keywords:
- highly-skilled immigrants,
- occupational licensing,
- immigrant integration,
- occupational mobility
Résumé
La présente étude compare les trajectoires professionnelles d’immigrants hautement qualifiés dans les professions règlementées par rapport à celles non règlementées, depuis leur occupation pré-migration, puis leur premier emploi au Canada et, enfin, les emplois détenus par la suite. Les exigences en matière de reconnaissance des qualifications professionnelles dans les professions réglementées sont susceptibles d’influer sur les trajectoires professionnelles des nouveaux immigrants du fait qu’elles ont des effets sur la manière dont les employeurs évaluent leurs qualifications. Cette étude utilise un modèle de courbe de croissance (MCC) ainsi que les données d’une enquête unique qui contient de l’information détaillée sur les expériences des nouveaux immigrants au Canada : L’Enquête longitudinale auprès des immigrants du Canada (ELIC).
Nos résultats montrent que les immigrants qui travaillaient dans des professions réglementées avant leur migration au Canada et qui sont incapables de trouver de l’emploi dans ces professions au Canada, accusent une plus grande perte de statut professionnel à leur arrivée que ceux qui travaillaient dans des professions non réglementées dans leur pays d’origine. De plus, leur progression professionnelle avec le temps n’est pas plus rapide que celle de leurs homologues dans des professions non réglementées. Ceux qui travaillaient dans des professions non réglementées avant leur arrivée, mais qui ont trouvé de l’emploi dans des professions réglementées au Canada, ont connu une amélioration de leur statut professionnel d’après-migration. Enfin, pour ceux qui travaillaient dans une profession réglementées dans leur pays d’origine et qui ont été en mesure de trouver de l’emploi dans une profession réglementée au Canada, leur position professionnelle initiale au Canada est restée semblable à celle qu’ils détenaient dans leur pays d’origine et l’on observe peu ou pas de changement dans leur statut professionnel avec le temps.
Ces résultats mettent en lumière l’importance de s’assurer que le processus de reconnaissance des titres professionnels soit facilité pour les nouveaux immigrants. Ils montrent clairement que les immigrants qui peuvent accéder à une profession réglementée dès leur arrivée s’en tirent beaucoup mieux en termes de statut professionnel que ceux qui n’auront pas réussi à se faire reconnaître leurs qualifications.
Mots-clés:
- immigrants hautement qualifiés,
- reconnaissance des titres professionnels,
- intégration des immigrants,
- mobilité professionnelle
Resumen
Este estudio compara las trayectorias ocupacionales de inmigrantes altamente calificados en las profesiones reglamentadas con respecto a aquellas no reglamentadas, a partir de su ocupación previa a la migración, pasando por su primer empleo en Canadá y hasta los empleos ocupados ulteriormente. Las exigencias en materia de reconocimiento de calificaciones profesionales en las profesiones reglamentadas son susceptibles de influenciar las trayectorias profesionales de los nuevos inmigrantes puesto que esas tienen efectos sobre la manera cómo los empleadores evalúan sus calificaciones. Este estudio utiliza un modelo de curva de crecimiento (MCC) y los datos de una encuesta única que contiene la información detallada de las experiencias de nuevos inmigrantes en Canadá: la Encuesta longitudinal sobre los inmigrantes de Canadá (ELIC).
Nuestros resultados muestran que los inmigrantes que antes de su migración al Canadá trabajaban en las profesiones reglamentadas y que son incapaces de encontrar un empleo en esas profesiones en Canadá, se ven confrontados a una pérdida más importante de estatuto profesional a su llegada à Canadá comparativamente a los inmigrantes que trabajaban en profesiones no reglamentadas en su país de origen. Además, su progresión profesional conforme avanza el tiempo no es más rápida que la de sus homólogos en las profesiones no reglamentadas. Los inmigrantes que trabajaban en las profesiones no reglamentadas antes de su llegada, pero que han encontrado un empleo en una profesión reglamentada en Canadá, han experimentado una mejora de estatuto profesional después de la migración. Finalmente, por los inmigrantes que trabajaban en una profesión reglamentada en su país de origen y que han logrado obtener un empleo en una profesión reglamentada en Canadá, su posición profesional inicial en Canadá se ha mantenido similar a aquella que tenían en sus países de origen, y se observa casi ningún cambio en a su estatuto profesional a medida que avanza el tiempo.
Estos resultados hacen resaltar la importancia de asegurarse que le proceso de reconocimiento de títulos profesionales sean facilitado para los nuevos inmigrantes. Se muestra claramente que los inmigrantes que pueden acceder a una profesión reglamentada poco después de su migración, van mucho mejor en términos de estatuto profesional que aquellos que no han logrado hacer reconocer sus calificaciones.
Palabras claves:
- inmigrantes altamente calificados,
- reconocimiento de títulos profesionales,
- integración de inmigrantes,
- movilidad profesional
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