Résumés
Summary
Since the onset of the Great Recession, anti-union conservatives have been hammering out an arguably bogus yet politically potent argument: collective bargaining with government workers is unaffordable as their wages, health benefits, and pensions are driving states into deficits. Whilst evidence does not support the politically motivated attacks on public sector workers and their unions, a confluence of political-economic factors has been abetting efforts to scapegoat public employees and their unions.
The first section of this essay places the 2011 wave of anti-public-sector-collective-bargaining statutes in its broad political and economic context. Whilst resulting from a longstanding hostility of the USA’s conservative movement to unionism and collective bargaining, recent anti-public-sector-collective-bargaining statutes are also the outcome of three political-economic developments galvanising anti-union GOPers—first, the fact that most US union members are now government workers, which makes it easier for anti-unionists to characterize them as a “privileged” elite; second, the Great Recession and ensuing deficit crisis; and third, the rousing of the conservative movement that led to the 2010 electoral “shellacking” of the Democrats. The second section focuses specifically on Wisconsin and argues that what is going on there ought to be seen for what it is: an attempt to exploit the economic crisis to win an eminently political victory over organised labour and allied Democrats.
Keywords:
- Great Recession,
- deficit crisis,
- austerity,
- politics,
- public sector unions,
- collective bargaining
Résumé
Depuis l’amorce de la Grande Récession, des conservateurs antisyndicaux ont martelé un argument fallacieux mais politiquement ingénieux : la négociation collective entre les divers gouvernements et leurs travailleurs « ruine » l’Amérique puisque la rémunération et les avantages sociaux des fonctionnaires font encourir des déficits aux États. Bien que fondée sur des arguments fallacieux, cette attaque éminemment politique contre les salariés du secteur public et leurs droits légaux en matière de négociation collective rencontre un certain succès en raison d’une conjoncture politico-économique spécifique, qui donne du vent dans les voiles d’un mouvement conservateur cherchant à faire des boucs émissaires des fonctionnaires et de leurs syndicats.
Cet essai situe d’abord dans son contexte politico-économique spécifique la vague de lois visant à abroger ou à restreindre les droits acquis par les fonctionnaires de divers États en matière de négociation collective. Bien que résultant d’une hostilité affichée de longue date par les conservateurs républicains envers le syndicalisme et la négociation collective dans le secteur public, les lois récentes contre la négociation collective sont aussi la résultante de trois développements politico-économique ayant galvanisé l’offensive conservatrice dans le domaine de la législation du travail du secteur : premièrement, le fait que depuis 2009 la majorité des salariés couverts par des conventions collectives oeuvrent dans le secteur public; deuxièmement, les conséquences politiques de la Grande Récession et des problèmes budgétaires qui s’en sont suivis; enfin, la galvanisation de la droite du Parti républicain dans la foulée de la victoire d’Obama, qui a contribué à la « raclée » subie par les Démocrates lors des élections de mi-mandat de 2010. L’article analyse ensuite la situation au Wisconsin, où l’adoption de la fort contestée Loi 10 de 2011 se révèle être un effort de la part des Républicains afin d’exploiter la crise budgétaire pour affaiblir tant le mouvement syndical que les Démocrates.
Mots-clés:
- Grande Récession,
- crise budgétaire,
- politiques d’austérité,
- syndicats du secteur public,
- négociation collective
Resumen
Desde el inicio de la Gran Recesión, los conservadores antisindicales han reiterado un argumento falaz pero políticamente ingenioso: la negociación colectiva entre los diversos gobiernos y sus trabajadores “ruinan” la América puesto que la remuneración y los beneficios sociales de los funcionarios llevan los Estados al déficit. A pesar que están fundados en argumentos falaces, este ataque eminentemente político contra los asalariados del sector público y sus derechos en materia de negociación colectiva encuentra un cierto éxito en razón de una coyuntura político-económica específica que da impulso a un movimiento conservador que busca convertir los funcionarios y sus sindicatos en cabezas de turco.
En primer lugar, este ensayo sitúa en su contexto político-económico la ola de legislaciones que apuntan a revocar o restringir los derechos adquiridos por los funcionarios de diversos Estados en materia de negociación colectiva. Aunque esto resulta de una hostilidad expuesta desde hace tiempo por los conservadores republicanos contra los sindicatos y la negociación colectiva en el sector público, las leyes recientes contra la negociación colectiva son también el resultado de tres desarrollos político-económico que han galvanizado la ofensiva conservadora en el campo de la legislación laboral del sector: en primer lugar, el hecho que desde 2009 la mayoría de los asalariados cubiertos por convenciones colectivas laboran en el sector público; en segundo lugar, las consecuencias políticas de la Gran Recesión y de los problemas presupuestales que han seguido; por ultimo, la galvanización de la derecha del Partido republicano posterior a la victoria de Obama, que ha contribuido a la derrota de los Demócratas en las elecciones de medio mandato de 2010. El artículo analiza enseguida la situación en el Wisconsin, donde la adopción de la muy contestada Ley 10 de 2011 se revela como un esfuerzo de parte de los Republicanos con el fin de explotar la crisis presupuestal para debilitar tanto el movimiento sindical como los Demócratas.
Palabras claves:
- Gran Recesión,
- crisis de presupuesto,
- política de austeridad,
- sindicatos del sector público,
- negociación colectiva
Parties annexes
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