Résumés
Abstract
Since women began mobilizing more than 40 years ago to transform the labour movement, unions have made significant changes to increase women’s participation, leadership and interest representation. Yet, there are limitations to this progress. Unionized women are concentrated in the public sector amongst full-time employees. Moreover, women’s interests have tended to be added onto existing union agenda; women are therefore encouraged to adjust to existing union structures and practices rather than unions undertaking transformational organizational change. Unions tend to socially construct the collective interests and identities of women workers in gender-neutral ways that end up limiting union capacities to make bigger organizing breakthroughs amongst women.
The article develops an argument that women’s relationship to work is distinct from men’s. Women are more likely to experience a blurring of the boundaries between work, home and community, which leads many women workers to be less responsive to union appeals that focus strictly on the job and workplace. These ideas are explored using a case study of a province-wide organizing drive amongst child care providers by the B.C. Government Employees Union (BCGEU).
The BCGEU used methods of community unionism to build a sense of collective identity and capacity for collective action amongst a diverse group of child care providers, including those who work in child care centres, in-home providers and migrant domestic workers. The union built its campaign around shared relationships of caring and love, and by rejecting the devaluation of child care as unskilled, women’s work. The article concludes with an evaluation of whether this approach to organizing women opens new possibilities for reaching out to non-union women.
Keywords:
- union organizing,
- women,
- emotional labour,
- child care providers
Résumé
Depuis que les femmes ont commencé à se mobiliser il y a plus de 40 ans pour transformer le mouvement ouvrier, les syndicats ont entrepris des changements significatifs afin de permettre une plus grande participation des femmes, d’augmenter leur représentation dans les instances et de mieux représenter leurs intérêts. Cependant, il y a des limites à ces progrès. Les femmes syndiquées sont surtout concentrées dans le secteur public parmi les employés à temps plein. De plus, les intérêts des femmes ont eu tendance à se superposer à l’ordre du jour syndical existant ; les femmes sont donc encouragées à s’ajuster aux structures et pratiques syndicales existantes plutôt que de voir les syndicats transformer leur organisation. Les syndicats tendent à construire socialement les intérêts et identités collectives des travailleuses de manière asexuée ou sans aborder les questions de genre, ce qui finit par limiter leur capacité à faire une plus grande percée dans l’organisation collective des femmes.
L’article développe l’argument selon lequel le rapport des femmes au travail est distinct de celui des hommes. Les femmes font bien plus face au brouillage des frontières entre le travail, le foyer familial et la communauté, ce qui conduit beaucoup de travailleuses être moins sensibles aux appels des syndicats qui se concentrent strictement sur le travail et le milieu de travail. Ces idées sont explorées en utilisant une étude de cas sur une campagne de syndicalisation des travailleuses en services de garde à travers une province canadienne menée par l’Union des employés du gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique (BCGEU).
Le BCGEU a employé des méthodes misant sur l’aspect communautaire du syndicalisme afin de créer un sentiment d’identité collective et de construire les aptitudes menant à l’action collective parmi un groupe diversifié de travailleuses en services de garde d’enfants, comprenant celles qui travaillent dans des centres de la petite enfance, à domicile ou encore les travailleuses domestiques immigrées. Le syndicat a établi sa campagne autour des notions et rapports communs à toutes ces travailleuses, la responsabilité des soins et l’amour qu’elles apportent, tout en rejetant l’image et l’argument négatifs selon lesquels la garde des enfants est une activité non qualifiée réservée aux femmes. L’article conclut avec une évaluation de cette approche de la syndicalisation des femmes qui ouvre de nouvelles possibilités pour atteindre les femmes non syndiquées.
Mots-clés :
- campagne de syndicalisation,
- femmes,
- travail affectif,
- services de garde d’enfants
Resumen
Dado que las mujeres empezaron a movilizar hace más de 40 años para transformar el movimiento sindical, los sindicatos han realizado cambios significativos para aumentar la participación, el liderazgo de las mujeres y la representación de sus intereses. Existen sin embargo limitaciones a este progreso. Las mujeres sindicalizadas están concentradas en el sector público, en las empleadas a tiempo completo. Además, la tendencia ha sido de añadir las reivindicaciones de las mujeres a la agenda existente del sindicato; las mujeres son por lo tanto, invitadas a adaptarse a las estructuras sindicales y las prácticas ya existentes en lugar que los sindicatos se impliquen en un cambio para transformar la organización. Los sindicatos tienden a construir socialmente los intereses colectivos y las identidades de las mujeres trabajadoras en una forma neutra de género que terminan por limitar la capacidad sindical de hacer avances más importantes en la organización de las mujeres.
El artículo desarrolla un argumento en el sentido que la relación de las mujeres al trabajo, es distinta de los hombres. Las mujeres son más propensas a experimentar una confusión de las fronteras entre trabajo, hogar y comunidad, lo que lleva a muchas trabajadoras a ser menos sensibles a la convocatoria del sindicato que se centra estrictamente en el trabajo y el lugar de trabajo. Estas ideas se exploran mediante un estudio de caso de una organización provincial de proveedores de cuidado de niños del Sindicato de empleados del Gobierno de Colombia-Británica (BCGEU).
El BCGEU utiliza los métodos del sindicalismo comunitario para construir un sentido de identidad colectiva y la capacidad de acción colectiva entre un grupo diverso de proveedores de cuidado infantil, incluyendo los que trabajan en centros de cuidado infantil, en el hogar y los proveedores de las trabajadoras domésticas inmigrantes. El sindicato ha construido su campaña en torno a las relaciones compartidas de cuidado y amor, y rechazando la devaluación del cuidado de los niños cuando es considerado como trabajo no calificado, un trabajo de mujer. El artículo concluye con una evaluación a saber si este enfoque de la organización de las mujeres abre nuevas posibilidades para acercarse de las mujeres no sindicalizadas.
Palabras clave:
- organización sindical,
- mujeres,
- trabajo emocional,
- proveedores de cuidado infantil
Parties annexes
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