Résumés
Abstract
The pipeline theory suggests that increasing the number of women in male-dominated fields should lead to more equality in the labour market. This perspective does not account for differences in the expectations of men and women within the pipeline, which may serve to perpetuate inequities. This study explores the differences in the choice of academic preparation, career expectations, and career priorities of 23,413 pre-career men and women using a large sample of Canadian post-secondary students who are about to embark on their first careers. Our results indicate that, although women are increasingly entering male-dominated fields such as science/engineering and business, they continue to have lower salary expectations and expect a longer time to promotion than their male counterparts. That said, young women in male-dominated fields reported higher salary expectations than those in female-dominated fields.
Additionally, young women indicated a preference for beta career priorities (e.g., work/life balance) that are associated with lower salaries, while men indicate a preference for alpha career priorities (e.g., build a sound financial base) that are associated with higher salaries. Our study also found that although women are entering the pipeline for male-dominated fields in greater numbers, it does not necessarily result in more equality for women in the labour market. We conclude that the inequities in the labour market are evident within the pre-career pipeline in the form of gendered expectations. We recommend a number of interventions that might address the expectation gap and therefore improve gender equity in the labour market.
Keywords:
- salary and promotion expectations,
- career choice,
- career priorities
Résumé
La théorie du pipeline suggère que l’augmentation du nombre de femmes dans les professions dominées par les hommes devrait conduire à davantage d’égalité sur le marché du travail. Cette perspective ne prend toutefois pas en considération les différences d’attentes entre les hommes et les femmes dans le pipeline qui peuvent faire en sorte de perpétuer les iniquités. Cette étude explore les différences dans le choix de la préparation à une carrière, les attentes face à la carrière, et les priorités en matière de carrière chez 23 413 jeunes, hommes et femmes, à partir d’un vaste échantillon d’étudiantes et d’étudiants canadiens de niveau postsecondaire prêts à entreprendre leur première carrière.
Nos résultats indiquent que même si les femmes accèdent de plus en plus à des professions où les hommes dominent, comme en sciences et génie et en administration des affaires, elles continuent d’avoir des attentes salariales plus faibles et de penser qu’il leur faudra plus de temps que leurs collègues masculins pour obtenir une promotion, quoique les jeunes femmes faisant carrière dans des professions masculines affichaient des attentes salariales plus élevées que celles faisant carrière dans des professions féminines.
De plus, les jeunes femmes affichent une préférence pour des priorités de carrière de type « beta » (par ex., rechercher un équilibre entre travail et famille), lesquelles sont associées à des salaires plus faibles, tandis que les jeunes hommes affichent une préférence de priorités de carrière de type « alpha » (par ex., construire une base financière solide), lesquelles sont associées à des salaires plus élevés. Notre étude montre également que même si les femmes accèdent en plus grand nombre à des professions masculines, cela ne conduit pas nécessairement à plus d’égalité pour elles sur le marché du travail. Nous en concluons que les iniquités sur le marché du travail sont déjà bien visibles dans le pipeline pré-carrière sous la forme d’attentes différenciées selon le sexe. Nous recommandons un certain nombre d’interventions susceptibles de s’attaquer à cet écart de différences entre les sexes et ainsi d’améliorer l’équité sur le marché du travail.
Mots-clés :
- attentes envers les salaires et les promotions,
- choix de carrière,
- priorités de carrière
Resumen
La teoría de la conducción sugiere que la aumentación del número de mujeres en las profesiones dominadas por los hombres debería conducir a una mayor igualdad en el mercado de trabajo. Sin embargo, esta perspectiva no toma en consideración las diferencias d expectativas entre hombres y mujeres en la conducción que pueden actuar de manera a perpetuar las desigualdades. Este estudio explora las diferencias en las opciones de preparación de una carrera, las expectativas respecto a la carrera y las prioridades en materia de carrera por 23 413 jóvenes, hombres y mujeres, a partir de una vasta muestra de estudiantes canadienses de nivel post-secundario listos a emprender su primera carrera.
Nuestros resultados indican que incluso si las mujeres acceden cada vez más a profesiones donde los hombres dominan, como las ciencias y la ingeniería y la administración de negocios, ellas continúan teniendo expectativas salariales más bajas y a pensando que necesitaran más tiempo que sus colegas masculinos para obtener una promoción, aunque las jóvenes que hacen carrera en las profesiones masculinas muestran expectativas salariales más elevadas que aquellas que hacen carrera en las profesiones femeninas.
Es más, las jóvenes muestran una preferencia por las prioridades de carrera de tipo « beta » (por ex., buscar un equilibrio entre trabajo y familia), las cuales son asociadas a salarios más bajos, mientras que los varones jóvenes muestran una preferencia de prioridades de carrera de tipo « alpha » (por ex., construir una base financiera sólida), las cuales son asociadas a salarios más elevados. Nuestro estudio muestra igualmente que si las mujeres acceden en mayor cantidad a las profesiones masculinas, esto no conduce necesariamente a mayor igualdad para ellas en el mercado de trabajo. Concluimos que las desigualdades en el mercado de trabajo son ya bastante visibles en la conducción pre-carrera bajo la forma de expectativas diferenciadas según el sexo. Se recomienda un cierto número de intervenciones susceptibles de atacarse contra este margen de diferencias entre los sexos y así mejorar la igualdad en el mercado de trabajo.
Palabras clave:
- expectativas de salarios y de promoción,
- opciones de carrera,
- prioridades de carrera
Parties annexes
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