Résumés
Abstract
Precarious employment has been associated with adverse occupational health and safety (OHS) outcomes across a range of studies. Temporary agency workers are particularly vulnerable, with studies showing they experience a higher incidence of workplace injury, and a greater likelihood of more severe injuries than all other employment types. Explanations for agency workers’ higher risk of injury have, to date, been impeded by data limitations associated with researching temporary employment. This article seeks to begin filling this gap through analyzing the experience of agency workers based upon two data sources. The first is a unique qualitative and quantitative data set developed from investigated temporary agency and directly hired workers’ compensation files; the second is focus groups of agency workers conducted in the State of Victoria, Australia. Quinlan and Bohle’s (2004) Pressures, Disorganization and Regulatory Failure (PDR) model, developed to explain the greater OHS vulnerability of precarious workers, provides the framework for analyzing the data.
After explaining the key concepts in the PDR Model, the article analyses the data to test for evidence of economic pressures, disorganization at the workplace, and regulatory failure impacting upon temporary agency workers’ health and safety. The analysis supports the relevance of the PDR model, and provides an understanding of additional and unique risk factors which contribute to agency workers’ higher risk of injury. Temporary agency workers experience economic pressures in common with other types of precarious workers. However, these appear more acute amongst agency workers. They also confront disorganization risks, extending to mismatched placements; lack of familiarity with host workplaces; and more complex fractured communication. These contribute to workplace risks and create barriers to improving their experience. Many of these outcomes are a result of, or contribute to regulatory failure.
The analysis finds strong support for the explanatory value of the PDR model as a tool for understanding how precariousness contributes to temporary agency workers’ adverse health and safety outcomes. It also suggests the complexities of the triangular employment relationship create additional economic insecurities and disorganization problems beyond those experienced by other types of workers, which the regulatory environment has yet to address.
Keywords:
- precarious employment,
- temporary agency work,
- occupational health and safety
Résumé
L’emploi précaire a été associé au travers de diverses études à des effets négatifs en matière de santé et sécurité au travail (SST). Les travailleurs d’agences de placement temporaire seraient particulièrement vulnérables, des études rapportant à leur égard une plus grande incidence de blessures en milieu de travail ainsi qu’une plus grande probabilité de subir des blessures sévères comparativement à tout autres types d’emplois. Les explications du risque de blessures plus élevé chez ces travailleurs ont, à ce jour, été entravées par des limites de données associées à la recherche sur l’emploi temporaire. Cet article cherche à combler cette lacune en analysant l’expérience de travailleurs d’agences de placement à partir de deux sources de données. La première est un ensemble de données qualitatives et quantitatives unique développé à partir d’une enquête auprès de telles agences et de fiches de paie de travailleurs directement embauchés; la seconde est constituée de groupes de discussion de travailleurs d’agences de placement temporaire menés dans l’état de Victoria en Australie. Le modèle de Quinlan et Bohle (2004) « pressions, désorganisation et échec de la réglementation » (ou PDR pour « Pressures, Disorganization and Regulatory Failure »), développé pour expliquer la plus grande vulnérabilité des travailleurs précaires en SST, fournit le cadre d’analyse des données.
Après avoir expliqué les concepts clés du modèle PDR, cet article analyse les données pour tester la présence de l’impact des pressions économiques, de la désorganisation en milieu de travail et de l’échec de la réglementation sur la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs d’agences de placement temporaire. L’analyses confirme l’adéquation du modèle PDR et produit une compréhension de facteurs additionnels et uniques qui contribuent au risque plus élevé de blessure des ces travailleurs. Bien que ces derniers vivent des pressions économiques comme c’est le cas pour d’autres types de travailleurs précaires, ces pressions semblent plus aigües parmi les travailleurs d’agences de placement temporaire. Ils doivent également affronter des risques de désorganisation dont des placements inadéquats, un manque de familiarisation avec leurs milieux de travail d’accueil, et des communications plus complexes fracturées. Ces éléments contribuent aux risques en milieu de travail et créent des barrières à l’amélioration de leur expérience de travail. Plusieurs de ces situations sont un résultat de, et contribuent à, l’échec de la réglementation.
Cette étude constitue un appui important à la valeur explicative du modèle PDR comme outil pour comprendre comment la précarité contribue à la dégradation de la SST des travailleurs d’agences de placement temporaire. Elle suggère également que la complexité de la relation d’emploi triangulaire de ces travailleurs crée de l’insécurité économique additionnelle et des problèmes de désorganisation au-delà de ceux vécus par d’autres types de travailleurs, ce à quoi la réglementation ne s’est pas encore adressée.
Mots-clés :
- emploi précaire,
- agence de placement temporaire,
- santé et sécurité au travail
Resumen
El empleo precario ha sido asociado a resultados negativos de seguridad y salud ocupacional (SSO) por una gama de estudios. Los estudios muestran que los trabajadores temporarios de agencia son particularmente vulnerables y que ellos experimentan una alta incidencia de lesiones ocupacionales y una probabilidad mas elevada de lesiones graves comparados a todos los otros tipos de trabajadores. Las explicaciones del alto riesgo de lesión de los trabajadores de agencia han sido obstaculizadas por las limitaciones de los datos asociados a las investigaciones sobre el empleo temporario. Este artículo pretende contribuir a colmar este vacío mediante el análisis de la experiencia de los trabajadores de agencia basado en dos fuentes de datos. Se trata en primer lugar de un conjunto de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos únicos desarrollados por la agencia temporaria estudiada a partir de los datos de compensación de los trabajadores contratados; el segundo grupo de datos proviene de entrevistas de grupo con trabajadores de agencias en el estado de Victoria, Australia. El modelo Presiones, Desorganización y falta de Regulación (PDR), desarrollado por Quinlan y Bohle (2004) para explicar la más grande vulnerabilidad en cuanto a la seguridad y salud ocupacional de los trabajadores precarios, constituye el marco para analizar estos datos.
Después de explicar los conceptos claves del modelo PDR, el artículo analiza los datos para evaluar la evidencia de presiones económicas, la desorganización en el lugar de trabajo y la ausencia de regulación que impactan sobre la seguridad y salud ocupacional de los trabajadores temporarios de agencias. El análisis sustenta la pertinencia del modelo PDR y procura una comprensión de los factores de riesgo adicionales y únicos que contribuyen al riesgo mas elevado de lesiones de los trabajadores de agencias. Los trabajadores temporarios de agencias experimentan presiones económicas comunes a los otros trabajadores precarios, sin embargo estas presiones aparecen más agudas en el caso de los trabajadores de agencias. Ellos confrontan también los riesgos de desorganización, incluyendo colocaciones mal emparejadas; la ausencia de familiaridad con los lugares de trabajo huéspedes, y las complejas comunicaciones fracturadas. Esto contribuye a los riesgos en el lugar de trabajo y crea barreras para mejorar sus experiencias. Muchos de estos efectos son un resultado de la falta de regulación o contribuye a dicha falta.
El análisis ofrece un fuerte apoyo al valor explicativo del modelo PDR como instrumento para comprender cómo la precariedad contribuye a los resultados adversos en seguridad y salud ocupacional de los trabajadores temporarios de agencies. También se sugiere que las complejidades de la relación de empleo triangular crean inseguridades económicas y problemas de desorganización adicionales mas allá de lo que experimentan otros tipos de trabajadores, cuyos ambientes de regulación dejan también a desear.
Palabras clave:
- empleo precario,
- trabajo temporario de agencia,
- salud e higiene ocupacional
Parties annexes
Parties annexes
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