Résumés
Abstract
In New Zealand in the 1990s, labour market decentralization and new employment legislation precipitated a sharp decline in unionism and collective bargaining coverage; trends that continued well into the 2000s even after the introduction of the more supportive Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA). The ERA prescribed new bargaining rules, which included a good faith obligation, increased union rights and promoted collective bargaining as the key to building productive employment relationships (Anderson, 2004; May and Walsh, 2002). In this respect the ERA provided scope for increased collective bargaining and union renewal (Harbridge and Thickett, 2003; May, 2003a and 2003b; May and Walsh, 2002). Despite these predictions and the ERA's overall intent, the decline in collective bargaining coverage begun in the 1990s has continued unabated in the private sector. It has naturally been questioned why the ERA has not reversed, or at least halted, this downward trend. So far research has focused on the impact of the legislation itself and much less on employer behaviour and perceptions, or on their contribution to these trends. This article addresses the paucity of employer focused research in New Zealand. The research explores views of employers on the benefi ts of collective bargaining, how decisions to engage or not engage in collective bargaining are made and the factors instrumental to them. It is demonstrated that the preferred method of setting pay and conditions continues to be individual bargaining. This is especially so for organizations with less than 50 employees, by far the largest majority of fi rms in New Zealand. Frequently, these smaller organizations see no perceived benefits from collective bargaining. Overall, these fi ndings suggest that despite a decade of supportive legislation there are few signs that the 20 year decline in collective bargaining coverage in New Zealand will be reversed.
Keywords:
- employers,
- unions,
- collective bargaining,
- attitudes,
- Unitarist
Résumé
Durant les années 1990 en Nouvelle-Zélande, la décentralisation sur le marché du travail et la nouvelle législation en matière d'emploi ont mené à un déclin abrupt de la syndicalisation et de la population en emploi couverte par la négociation collective. Ces tendances se sont poursuivies tard durant les années 2000, même après l'introduction d'une législation plus favorable à la négociation collective, l'Employment Relations Act 2000 (ERA) de 2000. L'ERA prévoyait en eff et de nouvelles règles en matière de négociation collective qui incluaient une obligation de négocier de bonne foi, un accroissement des droits des syndicats et encourageait la négociation collective en tant qu'élément central pour le développement de relations d'emplois productives (Anderson, 2004; May et Walsh, 2002). À cet égard, l'ERA allait permettre une plus grande place à la négociation collective et encourager le renouveau syndical (Harbridge et Thickett, 2003; May, 2003a, 2003b; May et Walsh, 2002). En dépit de ces prédictions et de l'intention générale de l'ERA, le déclin de la couverture de la négociation collective débuté durant les années 1990 s'est poursuivi de plus belle dans le secteur privé. On a cherché à savoir pourquoi l'ERA n'a pas permis de renverser, sinon mettre un frein à cette tendance à la baisse. Jusqu'à présent la recherche avait surtout mis l'accent sur l'impact de la législation elle-même et beaucoup moins sur le comportement et les perceptions des employeurs, ou sur leur contribution à cette tendance. Cet article veut enrichir la recherche orientée vers les employeurs en Nouvelle- Zélande. Il explore les points de vue des employeurs sur les avantages perçus de la négociation collective, comment les décisions de s'engager ou non dans le processus de négociation collective sont prises et les facteurs qui leur sont instrumentaux. Il y est démontré que la méthode préférée pour déterminer les salaires et les conditions de travail demeure la négociation individuelle. Cela est particulièrement le cas pour les organisations de moins de 50 employés, formant de loin la très grande majorité des fi rmes en Nouvelle-Zélande. Souvent, ces plus petites organisations ne perçoivent pas les avantages qu'elles pourraient tirer de la négociation collective. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats suggèrent qu'en dépit d'une décennie de législation du travail plus favorable, il y a peu de signes que le déclin de la couverture de la négociation qui s'opère depuis 20 ans soit près de se renverser.
Mots-clés :
- employeurs,
- syndicats,
- négociation collective,
- attitudes,
- Unitaristes
Resumen
Durante los años 1990 en Nueva Zelanda, la descentralización del mercado de trabajo y la nueva legislación en materia de empleo condujeron a un deterioro abrupto de la sindicalización y de la población al empleo que es cubierta por la negociación colectiva. Esas tendencias continuaron mas tarde durante los anos 2000, incluso después de la introducción de una legislación mas favorable a la negociación colectiva, la Ley de relaciones laborales 2000 (LRL) del ano 2000. La LRL introducía, en efecto, nuevas reglas en materia de negociación colectiva incluyendo una obligación de negociar de buena fe, un incremento de los derechos sindicales, y promovía la negociación colectiva en tanto que elemento central para el desarrollo de relaciones laborales productivas. A este respecto, la LRL debía permitir un mayor espacio a la negociación colectiva y promover la renovación sindical. A pesar de estas predicciones y de la intención general de la LRL, el deterioro de la cobertura de la negociación colectiva que ya había comenzado durante los anos 1990 continuó en el sector privado. Se quiso saber porqué la LRL no ha permitido contrarrestar, o al menos poner un freno a esta tendencia de decrecimiento. Hasta ahora la investigación había puesto el acento sobretodo en el impacto de la legislación en sí misma y mucho menos en el comportamiento y las percepciones de los empleadores o sobre su contribución a esta tendencia. Este artículo pretende contribuir a la investigación orientada hacia los empleadores en Nueva Zelanda. Se explora los puntos de vista de los empleadores sobre las ventajas percibidas respecto a la negociación colectiva, cómo se adoptan las decisiones de implicarse o no en el proceso de negociación colectiva y los factores que les sirven de instrumento. Se demuestra que el método preferido para determinar los salarios y las condiciones de trabajo sigue siendo la negociación individual. Es particularmente el caso de las organizaciones de menos de 50 empleados, que forman de lejos la gran mayoría de las empresas en Nueva Zelanda. Frecuentemente, esas pequeñas organizaciones no perciben las ventajas que podrían obtener de la negociación colectiva. En general, los resultados sugieren que a pesar de una década de legislación laboral mas favorable, hay pocos indicios que el deterioro de la cobertura de la negociación, que se opera desde hace 20 anos, pueda ser contrarrestado.
Palabras clave:
- empleadores,
- sindicatos,
- negociación colectiva,
- actitudes,
- unitaristas
Parties annexes
Parties annexes
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