Résumés
Résumé
L’éducation inclusive place les besoins des élèves au coeur de l’intervention éducative. Cependant, le terme besoin reste défini de manière variable selon les perspectives théoriques adoptées, fournissant peu de repères pour guider les milieux de pratique. Cette situation a pour conséquence d’entrainer une disparité et une confusion dans l’interprétation de ce qui constitue un besoin, et une incertitude quant à la façon de répondre avec équité à la diversité des besoins des élèves. Cet article vise à identifier le sens attribué aux besoins des élèves (Kaufman, 1972) dans la littérature scientifique. Au terme de l’analyse des études recensées, quatre catégories de sens se distinguent, renvoyant à un risque d’inadaptation, à un développement positif, à une tension interne propre à l’élève et à un moyen d’interventions. L’implication de ces sens sur l’éducation inclusive sera le sujet d’une discussion en vue de faire émerger des pistes de réflexion permettant de contribuer à une clarification du terme « besoins des élèves ».
Mots-clés :
- besoins des élèves,
- examen de la portée,
- éducation inclusive,
- intervention éducative,
- définition
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Note biographique
Sandy Nadeau est professeure adjointe au département d’enseignement au préscolaire et au primaire à la Faculté d’éducation de l’Université de Sherbrooke. Elle s’intéresse à l’adaptation de l’élève en situation de vulnérabilité sociale au regard des interactions avec son environnement familial, scolaire et social. Ses travaux portent plus particulièrement sur la collaboration école-famille-communauté, sur la résilience scolaire et les besoins des élèves.
Bibliographie
- Abawi, L. et Oliver, M. (2013). Shared pedagogical understandings: Schoolwide inclusion practices supporting learner needs. Improving Schools, 16(2), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365480213493711
- Anderson, S. (2005). Key factors in supporting students with high needs in mental health: Discussions with the MindMatters Plus demonstration schools. Australian Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 15(2), 214-219. https://doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.2.214
- Andzick, N. R. et Cannella-Malone, H. I. (2019). Practitioner implementation of communication intervention with students with complex communication needs. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 124(5), 395-410. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-124.5.395
- Arksey, H. et O’Malley L. (2005). Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 8(1), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
- Ahsan, T. et Sharma, U. (2018). Pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion of students with high support needs in regular classrooms in Bangladesh. British Journal of Special Education, 45(1), 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12211
- American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5e éd., texte révisé). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
- Audet, G. et Gosselin-Gagné, J. (2015). L’éducation interculturelle et l’éducation inclusive : deux approches complémentaires pour prendre en compte la diversité ethnoculturelle à l’école. Enjeux de l’univers social, 15(1), 27-30.
- Banks, A. et Reimann, B. (2007). Got fitness? Addressing student fitness needs within secondary physical education. Strategies, 20(4), 13-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2007.10590725
- Banks, T., Andrei, E. et Dohy, J. (2019). An inclusive education licensure pathway to meet the educational needs of all students. Curriculum and Teaching Dialogue, 21(1-2), 21-35.
- Barry, V. (2010). Du rapport Warnock à la loi du 11 février 2005 : how to insight into the special needs ? La nouvelle revue de l’adaptation et de la scolarisation, 49(1), 217-230. https://doi.org/10.3917/nras.049.0217
- Bauer, S., Borri-Anadon, C. et Ngoenha, M. L. (2019). Les élèves issus de l’immigration sont-ils des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers ? Revue hybride de l’éducation, 3(1), 17-38. https://doi.org/10.1522/rhe.v3i1.855
- Baum, S. M., Cooper, C. R. et Neu, T. W. (2001). Dual differentiation: An approach for meeting the curricular needs of gifted students with learning disabilities. Psychology in the Schools, 38(5), 477-490. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.1036
- Bayrak, H. U. (2019). What is the place of the play between the essential needs of preschool children according to preservice teachers? International Education Studies, 12(3), 148-157. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v12n3p148
- Bergeron, L., Bergeron, G. et Lacerte, J. (2024). Le concept de besoin dans la prise en compte de la diversité en éducation : essai de synthèse sur des façons de l’appréhender et des lieux de tension lors de son interprétation. Éducation et formation, e-323, 88-102.
- Borri-Anadon, C. et Boisvert, M. (2017). Comprendre les besoins des élèves en contexte de diversité. Vivre le primaire, 30(3), 52-54.
- Bravo, M. A. et Cervetti, G. N. (2014). Attending to the language and the literacy needs of English learners in science. Equity and Excellence in Education, 47(2), 230-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/10665684.2014.900418
- Brook, U. et Galili, A. (2000). Knowledge and attitudes of high school pupils towards children with special health care needs: an Israeli exploration. Patient Education and Counseling, 40(1), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0738-3991(99)00048-8
- Bruggink, M., Goei, S. L. et Koot, H. M. (2016). Teachers’ perceptions of students’ additional support needs: in the eye of the beholder? Educational Psychology, 36(3), 431-443. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2014.958436
- Bruton, A. S., Marks, E. A. et Fernandez, A. B. (2010). Perceived writing likes and needs in Spanish and English as foreign languages. Hispania, 93(3), 471-489. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2010.a396526
- Casserly, A. M. (2013). The socio-emotional needs of children with dyslexia in different educational settings in Ireland. Journal of Research for Special Educational Needs, 13(1), 79-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-3802.2011.01227.x
- Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse (2018). Le respect des droits des élèves HDAA et l’organisation des services éducatifs dans le réseau scolaire québécois : une étude systémique. Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse. https://cdpdj.qc.ca/storage/app/media/vos-droits/qu-est-ce-que/droits-des-eleves-HDAA/etude_inclusion_EHDAA.pdf
- Conseil supérieur de l’éducation (2017). Pour une école riche de tous ses élèves. S’adapter à la diversité des élèves, de la maternelle à la 5e année du secondaire. Gouvernement du Québec. https://www.cse.gouv.qc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/50-0500-AV-ecole-riche-eleves.pdf
- Cotnam-Kappel, M. (2018). Les amis et le soutien comptent : les compétences et les besoins en littératies numériques d’élèves du secondaire en Ontario français. La Revue canadienne de l’apprentissage et de la technologie, 44(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.21432/cjlt27583
- Deci, E. L. et Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Plenum Press.
- Deci, E. L. et Ryan, R. M. (2000). The ‘what’ and ‘why’ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1104_01
- DeKruyf, L., Auger, R. W. et Trice-Black, S. (2013). The role of school counselors in meeting students’ mental health needs: Examining issues of professional identity. Professional School Counseling, 16(5), 271-282. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0001600502
- DeMatthews, D. et Brown, C. H. (2019). Urban school leadership and community violence: Principal perspectives and proactive responses to student mental health needs. The Education Forum, 83(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131725.2018.1506846
- Desombre. C., Carpentier, J. Vincent, E., Sansen, J., Maiffret, C. et Ryckebusch, C. (2013). Identifier les besoins éducatifs particuliers : analyse des obstacles et propositions pour l’action. La nouvelle revue de l’adaptation et de la scolarisation, 62(2), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.3917/nras.062.0197
- Diplock, K. J., Jones-Bitton, A., Leatherdale, S. T., Rebellato, S., Hammond, D. et Majowicz, S. E. (2019). Food safety education needs of high-school students: Leftovers, lunches, and microwaves. Journal of School Health, 89(7), 578-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12782
- Ebersold, S. et Detraux J.-J. (2013). Scolarisation et besoin éducatif particulier : enjeux conceptuels et méthodologiques d’une approche polycentrée. Alter, European Journal of Disability Research, 7(2), 102-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alter.2013.02.001
- Eilertsen, L.-J. (2017). Constructing conditions of participation through play formats: children with hearing impairment and complex needs. Deafness & Education International, 19(2), 95-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/14643154.2017.1381814
- Foreman, P. et Arthur, M. (2002). Parental perspectives on educational programs for students with high support needs. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 17(2), 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856250210129083
- Fortier, M.-P. et Bergeron, G. (2016). Éducation inclusive : repères pour la pratique à l’université. Le Tableau, 5(3), 1-2.
- Fortier, M.-P., Noël, I. Ramel, S. et Bergeron, G. (2018). Intégration scolaire, éducation inclusive et représentations des enseignants : de la formation initiale à la communauté éducative. Revue des sciences de l’éducation, 44(1), 12-39. https://doi.org/10.7202/1054156ar
- Frauenholtz, S., Williford, A. et Mendenhall, A. N. (2015). Assessing school employees’ abilities to respond to children’s mental health needs: Implications for school social work. School Social Work Journal, 39(2), 46-62.
- Glasser, W. (1998). La liberté de choisir. S’affirmer sans contrôler. Logiques.
- Glover, A., McCormack, J. et Smith-Tamaray, M. (2015). Collaboration between teachers and speech and language therapists: Services for primary school children with speech, language and communication needs. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 31(3), 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265659015603779
- Gresham, F. M. (2007). Response to intervention and emotional and behavioral disorders: Best practices in assessment for intervention. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 32(4), 214-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/15345084070320040301
- Gouvernement du Québec (2000). Élèves handicapés ou élèves en difficulté d’adaptation ou d’apprentissage (EHDAA) : définitions. Ministère de l’Éducation du Québec. https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/40964?docref=r8ggFX-CCBKzJfHePKG2Tw
- Gouvernement du Québec (2007). L’organisation des services éducatifs aux élèves à risque et aux élèves handicapés ou en difficulté d’adaptation ou d’apprentissage (EHDAA). Ministère de l’Éducation, du Loisir et du Sport. http://www.education.gouv.qc.ca/fileadmin/site_web/documents/dpse/adaptation_serv_compl/19-7065.pdf
- Guo, Y., Rousseau, J., Hsu, A. S., Kehoe, P., Daviss, M., Flores, S., Renno, P., Saunders, K., Phillips, S. et Evangelista, L. S. (2019). Emotional and behavioral health needs in elementary school students in an underserved hispanic community. The Journal of School Nursing, 35(2), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840517726857
- Hampton, L., Ramoutar, L., Muntzer, R. et Battistini, O. (2019). Investigating the use of Video Enhanced Reflective Practice (VERP) alongside the Engagement Profile and Scale in a school for children with complex needs. Educational & Child Psychology, 36(1), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2019.36.1.89
- Hodge, N. (2017). Socially just and inclusive education. Community, Work and Family, 20(1), 112-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2016.1264370
- Howe, M. B., Brittain, L. A. et McCathren, R. B. (2004). Meeting the sensory needs of young children in classrooms. Young Exceptional Children, 8(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/109625060400800102
- Johnston, S. S., O’Keeffe, B. V. et Stokes, K. (2018). Early literacy support for students with physical disabilities and complex communication needs. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 51(2), 91-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059918802808
- Jones, P. M. (2009). Lifewide as well as lifelong: broadening primary and secondary school music education’s service to students’ musical needs. International Journal of Community Music, 2(2-3), 201-214. https://doi.org/10.1386/ijcm.2.2-3.201_1
- Kanu, Y. (2008). Educational needs and barriers for African refugee students in Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Education, 31(4), 915-940.
- Kaufman, R. (1972). Educational system planning. Prentice-Hall.
- Kimbel, T. M. et Schellenberg, R. (2013). Meeting the hollistic needs of students: A proposal for spiritual and religious competencies for school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 17(1), 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x0001700110
- Larouche, S. (2014). Le milieu scolaire québécois et les élèves ayant des besoins particuliers : enseignant de musique ou musicothérapeute? Revue canadienne de musicothérapie, 20(2), 237-249.
- Leroux, M. et Paré, M. (2016). Mieux répondre aux besoins diversifiés de tous les élèves : des pistes pour différencier, adapter et modifier son enseignement. Chenelière éducation.
- Lewi-Dumont, N. (2015). Des besoins particuliers des élèves aux besoins de formation des professionnels : l’exemple de la déficience visuelle. La nouvelle revue de l’adaptation et de la scolarisation, 70-71(2), 149-164. https://doi.org/10.3917/nras.070.0149
- Lindqvist, G. et Nilholm, C. (2013). Making schools inclusive? Educational leaders’ views on how to work with children in need of special support. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(1), 95-110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2011.580466
- Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. Harper and Row.
- McClelland, D. C. (1962). Business drive and national achievement. Harvard Business Review, 40, 99-112.
- Miles, M.B., Huberman, A. M. et Saldana, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis. A methods sourcebook (4e éd.). Sage Publications (1re éd. 1994).
- Morse, T. E. (2008). Perspectives on addressing the literacy needs of low-functioning individuals with autism. International Journal of Educational Reform, 17(4), 330-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/105678790801700401
- Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A. et Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review of scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(143), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x
- Nicholls, J. G. (1989). The competitive ethos and democratic education. Harvard University Press.
- Noël, I. (2019). Signaler un élève pour répondre à ses besoins particuliers ou soulager le système? Revue des sciences de l’éducation de McGill, 54(2), 226-244. https://doi.org/10.7202/1065656ar
- Nokes, J. D. (2010). Preparing novice history teachers to meet students’ literary needs. Reading Psychology, 31(6), 493-523. https://doi.org/10.1080/02702710903054923
- Nonis, K., Chong, W. H., Moore, D. W., Tang, H. N. et Koh, P. (2016). Pre-school teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion of children with developmental needs in Kindergartens in Singapore. International Journal of Special Education, 31(3), 1-30.
- Oliva, D. V. (2016). Barriers and resources to learning and participation of inclusive students. Psicologia USP, 27(3), 492-502.
- Otero, R. G. (2016). Innovative resources based on ICTs and authentic materials to improve EFL students’ communicative needs. Dans A. Pareja-Lora, C. Calle- Martinez et P. Rodriguez-Arancon (dir.), New perspectives on teaching and working with languages in the digital era (p. 83-93). Research-publishing.net. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2016.tislid2014.424
- Özden, C., et Atasoy, R. (2019). Determination of educational needs of technology and design courses in secondary school students. International Online Journal of Education and Teaching (IOJET), 6(3), 513-525.
- Paillé, P. et Mucchielli, A. (2016). L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales (3e éd.). Armand Collin (1re éd. 2003).
- Pelgrims, G., Bauquis, C. et Schmutz, I. (2014). Répondre aux besoins pédagogiques et didactiques particuliers d’élèves intégrés au secondaire 1: exemple d’une séquence didactique en lecture. Revue suisse de pédagogie spécialisée, 2, 22-30.
- Pense, S. L. (2009). Curricular needs of students with specific learning disabilities in illinois secondary agricultural education programs. Journal of Agricultural Education, 50(2), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2009.02087
- Perfitt, R. (2013). Practical considerations when supporting transitions for pupils with speech, language and communication needs. British Journal of Special Education, 40(4), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12039
- Polguère, A. (2016). Lexicologie et sémantique lexicale (3e éd.). Presses de l’Université de Montréal. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv69t90p
- Potvin, M. (2014). Diversité ethnique et éducation inclusive : fondements et perspectives. Éducation et sociétés, 33(1), 185-202. https://doi.org/10.3917/es.033.0185
- Raphael, L. M. et Burke, M. (2012). Academic, social, and emotional needs in a middle grades reform initiative. Research in Middle Level Education, 35(6), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/19404476.2012.11462089
- Roberts, C., Shiman, L. J., Dowling, E. A., Tantay, L. Masdea, J., Pierre, J., Lomax, D. et Bedell, J. (2020). LGBTQ+ students of colour and their experiences and needs in sexual health education: ‘You belong here just as everybody else’. Sex Education, 20(3), 267-282. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2019.1648248
- Rouse, M. (2010). Reforming initial teacher education: A necessary but not sufficient condition for developing inclusive practice. Dans C. Forlin (dir.), Teacher Education for Inclusion: Changing Paradigms and Innovative Approaches (p. 47-55). Routledge.
- Rutter, K. L., Smith, B. P. et Hall, H. C. (2002). Motivational needs of family and consumer sciences education students. Journal of Career and Technical Education, 18(2), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.21061/jcte.v18i2.606
- Sandberg, A. et Ottosson, L. (2010). Pre-school teachers’, other professionals’, and parental concerns on cooperation in pre-school – all around children in need of special support: the Swedish perspective. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 14(8), 741-754. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603110802504606
- Slee, R. (2011). The irregular school: exclusion, schooling and inclusive education. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203831564-8
- Slee, R. (2018). Inclusive education isn’t dead, it just smells funny. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429486869
- Slee, R. et Tait, G. (2022). Ethics and Inclusive Education: Disability Schooling and Justice (vol. 6). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97435-0
- Smart, K. A., Parker, R. S., Lampert, J. et Sulo, S. (2012). Speaking Up: Teens voice their health information needs. The Journal of School Nursing, 28(5), 379-388. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840512450916
- Soundy, C. S. et Stout, N. L. (2002). Pillow talk: Fostering the emotional and language needs of young learners. Young Children, 57(2), 20-24.
- Stewart, J. (2012). Transforming schools and strengthening leadership to support the educational and psychosocial needs of war-affected children living in Canada. Diaspora, Indigenous, and Minority Education, 6(3), 172-189. https://doi.org/10.1080/15595692.2012.691136
- Stites, M. L. (2016). How early childhood teachers perceive the educational needs of military dependent children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 44, 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-015-0698-1
- Stormont, M., Stebbins, M. S. et Holliday, G. (2001). Characteristics and educational support needs of underrepresented gifted adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 38(5), 413-423. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.1030
- Szumski, G., Smogorzewska, J. et Grygiel, P. (2022). Academic achievement of students without special educational needs and disabilities in inclusive education – Does the type of inclusion matter? PLOS ONE, 17(7), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270124
- Tan, K., Yore, C. et Hillen, M. (2021). Ninth grade office discipline referrals: The critical role of teachers in addressing students’ social, emotional, and behavioural needs. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 26(2), 119-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632752.2021.1880731
- Taub, D. A., McCord, J. A. et Ryndak, D. L. (2017). Opportunities to learn for students with extensive support needs : A context of research supported practices for all in general education classes. The Journal of Special Education, 51(2), 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022466917696263
- Thomazet, S. (2006). De l’intégration à l’inclusion. Une nouvelle étape dans l’ouverture de l’école aux différences. Le français aujourd’hui, 1(152), 19-27. https://doi.org/10.3917/lfa.152.0019
- Touchet, C. (2015). Capacités d’apprentissage et besoins spécifiques des élèves porteurs du syndrome de Williams. La nouvelle revue de l’adaptation et de la scolarisation, 70-71(2), 165-179. https://doi.org/10.3917/nras.070.0165
- UNESCO (2003). Vaincre l’exclusion par des approches intégratrices dans l’éducation. Un défi et une vision. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000134785_fre
- UNESCO (2009). Principes directeurs pour l’inclusion dans l’éducation. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000177849_fre
- Vallerand, R. J. et Lalande, D. R. (2011). The MPIC model: The perspective of the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Psychological Inquiry, 22(1), 45-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840x.2011.545366
- Vaughn, S. et Fuchs, L. S. (2003). Redefining learning-disabilities and inadequate response to instruction : The promise and potential problems. Learning Disabilities Research and Practice, 18, 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5826.00070
- Walker, J. D. et Barry, C. (2018). Assessing and supporting social-skill needs for students with high-incidence disabilities. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 51(1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040059918790219
- Watson, S. M. R. et Houtz, L. E. (2002). Meeting the academic needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students. Intervention in School and Clinic, 37(5), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/105345120203700502
- Williams, J. H., Horvath, V. E., Wei, H.-S., Van Dorn, R. A. et Jonson-Reid, M. (2007). Teachers’ perspectives of children’s mental health service needs in urban elementary schools. Children and Schools, 29(2), 95-107. https://doi.org/10.1093/cs/29.2.95
- Witzel, B. S. et Riccomini, P. J. (2007). Optimizing math curriculum to meet the learning needs of students. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 52(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.3200/psfl.52.1.13-18
- Yoon, B. (2010). Meeting the cultural and social needs of English-language learners: a middle school ESL teacher’s practice. Teacher Education and Practice, 23(1), 31-43.
- Zhu, C. et Winkel, L. V. (2015). Using an ICT tool as a solution for the educational and social needs of long-term sick adolescents. Technology, Pedagogy and Education. 24(2), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939x.2013.856339