Résumés
Abstract
In this article, I focus on the rhetoric of the querelle des femmes in the only book by Girolamo Camerata, Trattato dell’honor vero, et del vero dishonore (1567), offering a critical analysis of the chapter entitled “Questione dove si tratta chi più meriti honore o la donna, o l’huomo di M. Girolamo Camerata da Randazzo, Siciliano Dottor dell’Arti” (Question where it is discussed who merits more honour, woman or man, by Girolamo Camerata of Randazo, Sicilian Doctor of Arts). The main aim is to show how Camerata, in line with the prevalent rhetoric of the time and the other authors of the querelle des femmes, relies on androcentric literary codes (rhetoric within the androcentric cultural environment) and socially and culturally prescribed gender roles in order to provide reasons why women should be considered worthier of honour and more perfect than men. His work is an example of how arguments once used in reproach can paradoxically be reversed and serve the opposite aim (e.g., when the humoral theory is invoked to show that women are cold and therefore inferior, and then later to show that they are hot and therefore superior). Similarly, arguments citing bodily weakness as proof of mental inferiority can easily be turned to women’s advantage, connecting the body’s tenderness with greater mental activity.
Keywords:
- Girolamo Camerata (Cammarata),
- Querelle des Femmes,
- Paradoxes,
- Humoral Theory,
- Aristotle,
- Etymology,
- Genesis
Résumé
Dans cet article, je me concentre sur la rhétorique de la Querelle des femmes dans l’unique livre composé par Girolamo Camerata, Trattato dell’honor vero, et del vero disonore (1567), et propose une analyse critique du chapitre intitulé « Questione dove si tratta chi più meriti honore o la donna, o l’huomo di M. Girolamo Camerata da Randazzo, Siciliano Dottor dell’Arti » (« Question où l’on discute de qui mérite le plus d’honneur, la femme ou l’homme, par Girolamo Camerata de Randazo, docteur ès arts sicilien »). L’objectif principal est de montrer comment Camerata, dans la lignée de la rhétorique dominante de l’époque et des autres auteurs de la Querelle des femmes, s’appuie sur des codes littéraires androcentriques (soit sur une rhétorique dans un environnement culturel androcentrique) et des rôles de genre socialement et culturellement prescrits, afin de fournir des raisons pour lesquelles les femmes devraient être considérées comme plus dignes d’honneur et plus parfaites que les hommes. Son argumentation est un exemple de la façon dont des preuves utilisées pour discréditer les femmes peuvent ensuite être retournées de manière paradoxale et servir le but opposé (par exemple quand la théorie des humeurs est invoquée pour montrer que les femmes sont froides et donc inférieures, puis ultérieurement pour montrer qu’elles sont chaudes et donc supérieures). De même, les arguments évoquant la faiblesse corporelle comme preuve d’infériorité intellectuelle peuvent facilement être tournés à l’avantage des femmes, reliant la mollesse du corps à une plus grande activité mentale.
Parties annexes
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