Résumés
Résumé
Plusieurs études ont démontré que la participation à des activités parascolaires (sports, arts, civiques) contribue au fonctionnement psychologique des adolescents. Cependant, les motivations derrière leur participation ont souvent été négligées. La présente étude a examiné l’association entre la participation à des activités parascolaires, d’une part, et les types de motivation à participer, d’autre part, reliée au fonctionnement psychologique. Étant donné la nature particulière des activités civiques, cette étude a également vérifié si les motivations à s’engager dans des activités civiques étaient associées plus fortement au fonctionnement psychologique que les motivations pour les activités non civiques. Au total, 1622 élèves (64 % de filles) du secondaire ont fait part de leur participation à des activités civiques et non civiques ainsi que leurs motivations (autonome ou contrôlée) à participer. Ils ont également répondu à des mesures de fonctionnement psychologique : estime de soi, satisfaction des besoins psychologiques, qualité des relations interpersonnelles (parents et ami) et attachement envers l’école. Les résultats ont révélé que le fait de participer ou non à des activités parascolaires était faiblement associé au fonctionnement psychologique des adolescents. Cependant, la motivation autonome pour les activités était associée positivement au fonctionnement psychologique, tandis que pour la motivation contrôlée, l’association était négative, et ce, au-delà des variables contrôlées. De plus, chez les adolescents participant aux deux types d’activités, la motivation autonome pour les activités civiques était le meilleur prédicteur du fonctionnement psychologique. Ces résultats suggèrent que les types de motivations à participer doivent être pris en compte au-delà de la simple participation.
Mots-clés :
- motivation,
- autodétermination,
- engagement civique,
- fonctionnement psychologique
Abstract
Several studies have shown that adolescents’ participation in extracurricular activities (such as sports, arts, and civic) can contribute to their psychological functioning. However, the motivational aspect of their participation has been neglected. The present study examined the association between participation in extracurricular activities and adolescents’ psychological functioning. More specifically, it was investigated whether certain types of motivation to engage in the activity were differentially associated with adolescents’ psychological functioning. Considering the special nature of civic engagement, this study also investigated whether autonomous motivation for civic activities was more strongly linked to psychological functioning than autonomous motivation for non-civic activities. In total, 1622 high school students reported their participation in civic and non-civic activities and their motivation (autonomous or controlled) to participate. They also completed psychological functioning measures including self-esteem, basic needs satisfaction, quality of interpersonal relationships with parents and friend, and attachment to their school. The results revealed that participation was weakly associated with adolescents’ psychological functioning. However, autonomous motivation for activities was positively associated with psychological functioning, whereas for controlled motivation, the link was negative. Moreover, for adolescents that participated in both types of activities, the best predictor of psychological functioning was autonomous motivation for civic activities. These results suggest that the type of motivation in participation should be taken into consideration.
Keywords:
- Motivation,
- Self-determination,
- Civic engagement,
- Psychological functioning
Parties annexes
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