Résumés
Résumé
La transition vers l’école secondaire au début de l’adolescence est une période durant laquelle les influences sociales évoluent rapidement et peuvent interagir de manière complexe. Cette étude s’intéresse aux relations parent–enfant ainsi qu’aux affiliations sociales au sein du groupe de pairs en tant que facteurs pouvant contribuer au fonctionnement scolaire des adolescent·es en début de parcours au secondaire. Spécifiquement, elle examine l’effet modérateur du soutien parental sur le lien entre l’appartenance des jeunes à un groupe de pairs ayant des comportements agressifs et le fonctionnement scolaire des élèves, mesuré par leur rendement et leur désengagement scolaires. Des élèves (n = 480) de première ou deuxième année d’une école secondaire francophone en Belgique ont rempli un questionnaire lors de deux collectes de données en classe à un an d’intervalle. L’affiliation de l’élève à une clique agressive prédit une diminution du rendement scolaire. En revanche, l’affiliation à une clique agressive prédit une diminution plus marquée du rendement scolaire chez les élèves qui rapportent un soutien parental élevé au premier temps de mesure. Ce résultat contre-intuitif pourrait s’expliquer par le style parental permissif fréquemment adopté chez les parents de jeunes qui vivent dans un contexte social d’agressivité élevée. Ce style parental se caractérise à la fois par un fort soutien émotionnel envers l’adolescent·e, mais aussi par un manque de structure offert à l’adolescent·e pour l’encadrer dans ses choix et ses comportements. Enfin, cette étude suggère quelques pistes pour bonifier d’éventuels programmes d’intervention à partir des résultats obtenus.
Mots-clés :
- pairs,
- soutien parental,
- rendement scolaire,
- engagement scolaire,
- analyse de réseaux sociaux
Abstract
The transition to secondary school concurs with the beginning of adolescence, a developmental period marked by rapid changes in social influences that interact with each other in a complex way. This study focuses on how peer network affiliation and parent-child relationships can contribute to students’ academic adjustment in the early years of secondary school. Specifically, it examines the moderating effect of parental support in the association between adolescents’ involvement with a group of aggressive peers and their subsequent academic adjustment, measured by academic achievement and school disengagement. Students (n = 480) in their first or second year in a French-speaking secondary school in Belgium filled out a questionnaire in class on two occasions, one year apart. As anticipated, student affiliation with an aggressive clique predicts lower academic achievement in the next year. However, this decrease was more pronounced for students reporting a high level of parental support at the first time point. This unexpected result could be explained by a permissive parenting style frequently adopted by parents of youth in a highly aggressive peer context. That parenting style is characterized by parents’ showing high emotional support toward their adolescent but providing little structure and supervision to guide the adolescent’s choices and behaviors. This study suggests avenues to enhance interventions or prevention programs based on the current results.
Keywords:
- students,
- parents,
- academic achievement,
- student engagement,
- social network analysis
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