Résumés
Résumé
La présence de comportements extériorisés chez les jeunes enfants peut représenter un défi pour les parents à plusieurs égards, notamment dans le maintien d’un soutien affectif de qualité. Les comportements extériorisés étant hétérogènes dans leurs manifestations, leur interférence avec la qualité du soutien affectif maternel en contexte d’apprentissage pourrait toutefois varier. Les associations prédictives des comportements extériorisés d’opposition, d’agressivité physique, d’hyperactivité-impulsivité et d’inattention des enfants à 42 mois avec la qualité du soutien affectif maternel à 48 mois ont été testées auprès de 195 dyades mères-enfants. Les comportements extériorisés de l’enfant ont été rapportés par les mères, tandis que la qualité du soutien affectif a été observée en laboratoire lors d’une période de jeux coopératifs de littératie et de numératie. Seule l’inattention prédit négativement et de façon unique la qualité du soutien affectif maternel, en contrôlant pour le sexe de l’enfant, le revenu familial, la scolarité de la mère, le comportement maternel à 5 mois, le comportement prosocial de l’enfant à 42 mois et les autres comportements extériorisés. Ces résultats suggèrent que lors de la période préscolaire, l’inattention des enfants représente un défi plus grand comparativement aux autres comportements extériorisés pour le maintien d’un soutien affectif de qualité chez les mères, dans un contexte d’activités ludiques de littératie et de numératie. Par le biais d’une qualité moindre de soutien affectif maternel dans des situations propices à l’exercice de compétences préscolaires, les difficultés attentionnelles des enfants pourraient ainsi fragiliser certaines sphères de leur préparation scolaire.
Mots-clés :
- soutien affectif maternel,
- comportements extériorisés,
- préparation scolaire,
- inattention
Abstract
The presence of externalizing behaviours in young children can be challenging for parents in several ways, including for preserving a good quality of affective support. Because externalizing behaviours are heterogeneous in their manifestations, their interference with the quality of maternal affective support in the learning context may vary. The predictive associations between the externalizing behaviours of opposition, physical aggression, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and inattention in children at 42 months of age with the quality of maternal emotional support at 48 months of age were tested in 195 mother-child dyads. Children’s externalizing behaviours were reported by the mothers, while the quality of affective support was observed during a cooperative literacy and numeracy task. Results show that only inattention uniquely and negatively predicted the quality of maternal affective support, controlling for child sex, family income, maternal education, maternal behaviour at 5 months, child prosocial behaviour at 42 months, and the other externalizing behaviours. These results suggest that during the preschool period, children’s inattention behaviours represent a greater challenge compared to other externalizing behaviours for mothers’ maintenance of affective support in the context of playful literacy and numeracy activities. Through a lower quality of maternal affective support in favourable situations for the practice of preschool competencies, children’s attentional difficulties could therefore weaken certain spheres of their school readiness.
Keywords:
- maternal affective support,
- externalized behaviours,
- school readiness,
- inattention
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