Résumés
Résumé
Les symptômes anxieux génèrent d’importantes difficultés à court, moyen et long terme, et ce, sur les plans interpersonnel, scolaire et récréatif, chez les jeunes. Le rejet parental est un facteur de risque au développement de ces symptômes à l’adolescence, période lors de laquelle les relations avec les pairs gagnent en importance. Cette étude vise à vérifier le possible effet modérateur de l’acceptation sociale et de la popularité auprès des pairs sur le lien entre le rejet parental et les symptômes d’anxiété. Des analyses de régression avec modération ont été réalisées sur un échantillon composé de 212 filles et 116 garçons (âge moyen = 15,79 ans) suivis sur deux années scolaires consécutives. Les résultats montrent que la perception de rejet parental est associée aux symptômes anxieux des adolescentes et des adolescents. De plus, un effet d’interaction révèle que la perception de rejet parental est associée à une augmentation des symptômes d’anxiété chez les jeunes qui ont un niveau élevé de popularité, alors que ce n’est pas le cas chez ceux moyennement ou faiblement populaires. Le modèle d’interaction incluant l’acceptation sociale comme modérateur a également été testé, le terme d’interaction s’étant avéré non significatif. Nous discutons de l’estime de soi en tant que variable susceptible d’être impliquée dans les mécanismes menant à la popularité à titre de facteur de risque s’ajoutant aux effets délétères du rejet parental. Les retombées cliniques en milieu scolaire des résultats trouvés seront discutées.
Mots-clés :
- acceptation sociale,
- adolescence,
- popularité,
- rejet parental,
- symptômes anxieux
Abstract
It is widely recognized that anxiety symptoms impair adolescents’ functioning at the interpersonal, academic, and recreational levels, in the short, medium, and long term. Parental rejection appears to be a risk factor for the development of these symptoms in adolescence, a period when relationships with peers gain in importance. This study aims to verify the possible moderating effects of social acceptance and peer popularity on the link between parental rejection and adolescent anxiety symptoms. Regression analyses with moderation effects were carried out on a sample of 212 girls and 116 boys (average age = 15.79 years) followed over two consecutive school years. Our analyses corroborate recent studies by showing a link between adolescents’ perception of parental rejection and their anxiety symptoms. As hypothesized, a moderating effect of popularity was found, revealing that an association between the perception of parental rejection and an increase in anxiety symptoms was present for highly popular adolescents, but not for those who had moderate or low levels of popularity. Contrary to our hypothesis, the interaction term turned out to be non-significant in the model including social acceptance as a moderator. We discuss self-esteem as a variable that may explain why popularity plays out as a risk factor which adds to the deleterious effects of parental rejection. The clinical implications of these results for schools are also discussed.
Keywords:
- social acceptance,
- adolescence,
- popularity,
- parental rejection,
- anxiety symptoms
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Parties annexes
Remerciements
Financement : Cette étude a été supportée par des subventions des programmes suivants : établissement de nouveaux professeurs-chercheurs, FRQSC, 2013-NP-167302, établissement de jeunes chercheurs du FRQS, 28802, soutien aux équipes de recherche, FRQSC, 2013-SE-164393 et 2018-SE-205454 et chercheurs-boursiers du FRQS, 26858 et 266652, attribuées à Marie-Hélène Véronneau. Cette étude a aussi été soutenue par une bourse de doctorat en recherche du FRQSC (2014-2017) et par des bourses d’excellence de la Faculté des sciences humaines de l’UQAM, volets recrutement (2012) et volet régulier (2013) attribuées à Marie-Pier Dupré. La rédaction de cet article s’est inscrite dans le contexte de l’essai doctoral de la première auteure.
Remerciements : Nous remercions sincèrement Catherine Cimon-Paquet et Marie-Pier Petit pour l’aide apportée lors des analyses statistiques. Nous remercions le personnel, les élèves et les parents des écoles ayant rendu cette étude possible, ainsi que toute l’équipe d’étudiant·e·s et d’assistant·e·s de recherche ayant contribué à la réalisation de l’étude.
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