Résumés
Résumé
La transition entre les ordres d’enseignement secondaire et collégial constitue pour plusieurs étudiants une période de stress majeure. Au Québec, celle-ci coïncide généralement à la période de 16 à 18 ans. Or, si plusieurs chercheurs n’ont rapporté aucune différence significative entre les genres quant à la fréquence des symptômes dépressifs chez les étudiants au collège, d’autres chercheurs rapportent, entre 15 à 18, ans une augmentation majeure de ces taux, ceux des filles étant jusqu’à deux fois plus importants, soulignant ainsi l’hypothèse d’une plus grande vulnérabilité à la dépression. Dans cette optique, cette étude réalisée auprès de 211 élèves (87 garçons et 124 filles) ayant fait la transition secondaire-collégial vise à examiner par des analyses longitudinales l’évolution des symptômes dépressifs, des niveaux de stress et des distorsions cognitives ainsi que le rôle modérateur des distorsions cognitives et du genre dans la relation entre le stress et la dépression. Les résultats indiquent que durant cette transition, les filles rapportent davantage de symptômes dépressifs et de stress alors que les garçons rapportent davantage de distorsions cognitives reliées à la réussite. Chez les garçons, une diminution des distorsions cognitives de dépendance a été observée avec le temps. Les distorsions cognitives de réussite et de dépendance (en 5e secondaire) jouent un rôle modérateur entre le stress et la dépression en 1re année au collège, mais cette relation n’est pas modérée par le genre. Une discussion ainsi que les limites de l’étude sont présentées eu égard aux différences reliées au genre.
Mots-clés :
- genre,
- stress,
- distorsions cognitives,
- dépression,
- transition secondaire-collégial
Abstract
High school to college transition is a very stressful step for many students. In Quebec, for most of them, this transition takes place between the ages of 16 to 18. While several studies found no significant gender differences in depression among college students, others report a major rise between 15 and 18 years old where girls experience depression at twice the rate of boys, which underlines the hypothesis of a higher vulnerability to depression. Following these findings, the present study that was conducted with 211 students (87 boys and 124 girls) who completed the high school to college transition, examines, through longitudinal analyses, the evolution of depressive symptoms, levels of stress and cognitive distortions. Furthermore, this study examines the moderating role of cognitive distortions and gender in relation of stress and depression. The results showed that during this transition period, girls reported more depressive symptoms and stress, while boys showed more cognitive distortions related to achievement. Among boys, a decrease of dependency cognitive distortions was observed over the years. The moderating role of cognitive distortions related to achievement and to dependency (in the last year of high school) in the relation between stress and depression (in the 1st year of college) was noted during that transition period, but is not moderated by gender. A discussion and a presentation of the limits of the study, conclude the article.
Keywords:
- gender,
- stress,
- cognitive distortions,
- depression,
- transition to college
Parties annexes
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