Résumés
Résumé
L’étude des carrières criminelles a permis, jusqu’à présent, d’identifier les mécanismes qui conduisent un individu à commettre des crimes. Or s’il est connu que la grande majorité des contrevenants cessent un jour leurs activités criminelles (en référence à la courbe de la criminalité), ce n’est qu’au cours des dernières années que les chercheurs se sont intéressés à la dernière phase de ces carrières criminelles : soit le moment où elles se terminent. Si l’on connait un peu mieux comment les incarcérés et les probationnaires se désistent du crime, aucune étude portant sur le désistement du crime des sursitaires n’a pu être répertoriée. En outre, on retrouve dans la littérature trois principales théorisations du processus de désistement, mais aucune ne fait consensus. À partir des limites inhérentes aux théories existantes, cet article propose un nouvel angle conceptuel permettant d’appréhender le désistement du crime. Par la suite, il s’agit d’illustrer de quelle manière la confrontation de ce nouveau cadre conceptuel aux données qualitatives recueillies auprès de 29 sursitaires québécois permet de mettre en exergue trois processus distincts (le converti, le repentant et le rescapé) qui conduisent à l’arrêt des comportements criminels.
Mots-clés :
- désistement du crime,
- emprisonnement avec sursis,
- changements identitaires,
- réalisme critique
Abstract
The study of criminal careers has made it possible, up until now, to identify the mechanisms that lead a person to commit crimes. However, although it is well documented that the vast majority of offenders will one day cease their criminal activities (reference to the crime-curve), only in recent years have scholars focused on the last phase of these criminal careers: the moment at which they end. While desistance processes have been studied for probationers and prisoners, little is known about the desistance process of offenders on conditional sentence. At the present time, there are three main theories of desistance in the literature on which no consensus has been reached. Highlighting the limitations of these theories, this paper offers a new conceptual angle with which to understand desistance from crime. By applying this new conceptual framework to qualitative data collected from 29 offenders on conditional sentence in Quebec, the paper brings to light three separate processes (the convert, the repentant and the rescued) that contribute to stopping criminal behavior.
Keywords:
- desistance from crime,
- identity,
- critical realism,
- conditional sentence,
- house arrest
Parties annexes
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