Résumés
Résumé
Les écrits scientifiques documentent largement le fait que les jeunes mères sont à risque d’inadaptation psychosociale. Par ricochet, cette vulnérabilité affecte également leurs enfants, comme l’indique entre autres aspects un taux de maltraitance plus élevé au sein de ces familles comparativement à celui des populations de mères adultes à faible risque. Afin de contrer ce phénomène de maltraitance, diverses interventions ont été développées au cours des cinq dernières décennies, certaines privilégiant le soutien direct apporté aux jeunes mères et d’autres ciblant à la fois le soutien maternel et les interactions entre la mère et son enfant. Les résultats de ces interventions pour prévenir l’apparition de maltraitance sont variables, certaines études rapportant une grande efficacité alors que d’autres concluent à des résultats faibles, voire nuls. Considérant cette variation, le premier objectif de cette méta-analyse est de vérifier l’efficacité générale des interventions offertes aux jeunes mères pour prévenir la maltraitance envers leurs enfants. L’objectif secondaire est de distinguer si une cible d’intervention engendre un meilleur résultat que l’autre. Une recension systématique a permis d’identifier six études évaluant huit programmes distincts. Les calculs méta-analytiques indiquent une taille d’effet globale (d = -0,29, p = 0,01) démontrant l’efficacité générale des interventions préventives. Plus précisément, les interventions qui ciblent à la fois le soutien maternel et les interactions mère-enfant sont efficaces pour diminuer le taux de maltraitance. Les résultats de cette étude permettront d’orienter les services offerts actuellement en matière de prévention de la maltraitance auprès d’une population de jeunes mères.
Mots-clés :
- maltraitance,
- jeunes mères,
- intervention précoce,
- interactions mère-enfant,
- méta-analyse
Abstract
Scientific literature widely documents the fact that young mothers are at risk of psychosocial maladjustment. In turn, this vulnerability also affects their children, as indicated in particular by a higher maltreatment rate among these families compared to the rate among populations of low-risk adult mothers. In order to counteract this maltreatment phenomenon, several early interventions have been developed during the last five decades, some emphasizing on direct support to young mothers and others focusing both on direct support and on mother-child interactions. The results of such interventions to prevent the onset of child maltreatment vary; some studies report high effectiveness, while others reveal low or null effects. Taking this variation into account, the first objective of the present meta-analysis is to verify the overall effectiveness of early interventions targeting young mothers to prevent maltreatment of their children. The second objective is to determine if one intervention strategy produces better results than the other. A systematic review identified six studies evaluating eight distinct intervention programs. Meta-analytical calculations indicate an overall effect size (d = -0,29, p = 0,01) that demonstrates the general effectiveness of preventative interventions. More specifically, interventions focusing both on maternal support and on mother-child interactions prove effective in lowering child maltreatment rate. The results of the present study stand to promote and improve the services currently being offered in terms of child maltreatment prevention for a population of young mothers.
Keywords:
- maltreatment,
- young mothers,
- early intervention,
- mother-child interactions,
- meta-analysis
Parties annexes
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Les références marquées d’un astérisque renvoient aux études incluses dans la méta-analyse.