Résumés
Résumé
L’ampleur des manifestations et des conséquences associées au trouble déficitaire de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité (TDAH) à l’école appelle à des interventions favorisant l’adaptation scolaire de l’enfant qui en est atteint. Au-delà de la médication, les interventions prenant place à l’intérieur de la classe sont reconnues pour améliorer le fonctionnement scolaire de l’enfant. Bien que l’enseignant de la classe ordinaire soit privilégié pour intervenir auprès des enfants ayant un TDAH, il rapporte être peu informé à leur sujet et se dit peu enclin à planifier et à mettre en oeuvre de façon cohérente les pratiques probantes pour les aider. Des études relèvent le besoin de mettre en place des moyens favorables au transfert des pratiques probantes à la réalité de la classe ordinaire. Cet article s’inscrit dans une démarche de développement et d’évaluation empirique d’un programme de consultation individuelle (PCI) visant à soutenir l’enseignant dans le processus d’inclusion scolaire des enfants ayant un TDAH au primaire (Nadeau, Normandeau et Massé, 2012). L’objectif du présent article est de décrire le rationnel et les fondements sous-jacents au PCI, en établissant d’abord un bref état des connaissances sur le TDAH et en détaillant la méthodologie et les principes retenus pour élaborer le PCI et guider sa mise en oeuvre. Suivra une réflexion sur les bénéfices et les limites du PCI en vue d’orienter les pistes à envisager pour une inclusion scolaire réussie.
Mots-clés :
- trouble déficitaire de l’attention/hyperactivité,
- interventions scolaires,
- interventions proactives et comportementales,
- consultation auprès des enseignants,
- inclusion scolaire
Abstract
The extent of the symptoms and consequences associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) on the child functioning in school requires interventions fostering his academic and psychosocial adjustment. Besides medication, interventions within the classroom are recognized as being efficient in bringing a significant improvement of the school functioning of the student with ADHD. However, in a context of inclusive education in a regular class, teachers reported having a fragmented knowledge of typical ADHD behaviors and being very little inclined in planning and implementing coherently the privileged interventions to help those students. In fact, several studies are pointing the needs to promote transfer of the privileged practices in the natural environment of the student. This article is part of a process of development and effectiveness evaluation of a consultation-based program for teachers (CPT) of elementary school children with ADHD (Nadeau, Normandeau et Massé, 2012). The aim of the present article is to describe the rationale and the premises, which have contributed to the development of the CPT, by putting forward a brief overview of knowledge about ADHD and by describing the methodology selected and the principles that have guided the elaboration of the CPT and its implementation. Finally, a few thoughts addressing the benefits and limitations of the CPT will serve as a basis to guide future orientation to consider for a successful inclusive education.
Keywords:
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,
- school-based interventions,
- educational an behavioral interventions,
- teacher consultation,
- inclusive education
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Parties annexes
Remerciements
Marie-France Nadeau était soutenue par une bourse doctorale octroyée conjointement par le Conseil Québécois de la Recherche Sociale et le Fonds pour la formation des chercheurs et de l’aide à la recherche. Cette recherche a également été soutenue par une subvention de recherche du Conseil de recherche en sciences humaines sous la direction de Sylvie Normandeau.
Les auteures remercient C. Couture, M-J Letarte, J. Allard, J. Careau, et È. Doyon pour leur contribution à l’implantation et à l’évaluation du modèle.
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