Résumés
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematode populations were analyzed from composite soil samples collected from 62 vineyard blocks throughout Nova Scotia in 2018 and 2019. Nematode groups of potential concern that were found included ring nematodes (family Criconematidae), dagger nematodes (Xiphinema spp.), and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Ring nematodes were overall the most widespread and abundant group of plant-parasitic nematodes, recovered from 79% of blocks with an overall average population density of 114 nematodes per 100 cm3 soil. Ring nematodes tended to be more abundant in older blocks. DNA sequence analyses of a subset of the ring nematode populations confirmed the presence of Mesocriconema xenoplax, which is the species known to be damaging to and most widely associated with grapevine globally. The analyses indicated that Criconema permistum was also present, notably in samples with the greatest ring nematode population densities. The results indicate that ring nematodes could be affecting the health of Nova Scotia vineyards, particularly in the future as populations continue to develop in relatively young vineyards and as older blocks are replanted. Additional research is needed to delineate the distribution of M. xenoplax vis-à-vis other species and to experimentally assess the host-parasite relationship between C. permistum and grapevine.
Keywords:
- Criconematidae,
- nematode distribution,
- Meloidogyne,
- Mesocriconema,
- Xiphinema
Résumé
Les populations de nématodes phytopathogènes ont été analysées à partir d’échantillons de sol composites prélevés dans 62 parcelles de vignobles dans toute la Nouvelle-Écosse en 2018 et en 2019. Les groupes de nématodes potentiellement préoccupants qui ont été trouvés comprenaient des nématodes annelés (famille Criconematidae), des nématodes dagues (Xiphinema spp.) et des nématodes à galles (Meloidogyne spp.). Les nématodes annelés étaient globalement le groupe de nématodes phytopathogènes le plus répandu et le plus abondant, récupérés dans 79 % des blocs avec une densité de population moyenne globale de 114 nématodes par 100 cm3 de sol. Les nématodes annelés avaient tendance à être plus abondants dans les blocs plus anciens. Des analyses de séquences d’ADN d’un sous-ensemble des populations de nématodes annelés ont confirmé la présence de Mesocriconema xenoplax, qui est l’espèce connue pour être nuisible à la vigne et la plus largement associée à la vigne dans le monde. Les analyses ont indiqué que Criconema permistum était également présent, notamment dans les échantillons présentant les plus fortes densités de population de nématodes annelés. Les résultats indiquent que les nématodes annelés pourraient affecter la santé des vignobles de la Nouvelle-Écosse, en particulier à l’avenir, alors que les populations continuent de se développer dans les vignobles relativement jeunes et que les blocs plus âgés sont replantés. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour délimiter la distribution de M. xenoplax vis-à-vis d’autres espèces et pour évaluer expérimentalement la relation hôte-parasite entre C. permistum et la vigne.
Mots-clés :
- Criconematidae,
- distribution des nématodes,
- Meloidogyne,
- Mesocriconema,
- Xiphinema
Parties annexes
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