Résumés
Abstract
The codling moth granulovirus (CpGV) and the egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma spp. are known as biocontrol agents of codling moth but interactions between them are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the compatibility and the complementarity of Trichogramma minutum and CpGV. Bioassays were conducted in the laboratory the first year, as well as in an orchard over two years with the two biocontrol agents used alone or in combination. Parasitism of codling moth decreased in glass tube bioassays when CpGV was applied on eggs prior to parasitism, suggesting that female parasitoids discriminated between eggs covered or not with the virus. In contrast, egg discrimination was not observed in the orchard, since the presence of CpGV on codling moth eggs did not affect T. minutum parasitism. Both biocontrol agents together caused 77 and 79% mortality to codling moth in the orchard in the first and the second year of the study, respectively. Our results in the orchard showed that the combined use of CpGV and T. minutum to control the codling moth is compatible. Therefore, the utilization of both biocontrol agents is a promising alternative to control this pest in apple orchards.
Keywords:
- Cydia pomonella,
- Trichogramma minutum,
- CpGV,
- apple orchards,
- egg parasitoid,
- biological control,
- insect pest management
Résumé
Le granulovirus du carpocapse de la pomme (CpGV) et les parasitoïdes du genre Trichogramma sont des agents de lutte biologique du carpocapse de la pomme, mais leurs interactions sont inconnues. L’objectif de l’étude a été d’évaluer la compatibilité et la complémentarité de Trichogramma minutum et du CpGV. Des essais en laboratoire ont été menés la première année et des essais dans le verger ont été réalisés pendant deux ans avec les deux agents de lutte utilisés seuls ou en combinaison. Dans le laboratoire, le parasitisme a été réduit après que le CpGV a été appliqué sur les oeufs du carpocapse de la pomme, suggérant que les femelles parasitoïdes ont discriminé entre des oeufs recouverts de CpGV ou non. Au contraire, le CpGV n’a pas affecté le parasitisme causé par T. minutum dans le verger. Les deux agents de lutte ensemble ont causé 77 et 79 % de mortalité au carpocapse de la pomme dans le verger la première et la deuxième année respectivement. Nos résultats en verger montrent que l’effet combiné du CpGV et de T. minutum sur le carpocapse de la pomme est compatible. En conséquence, l’utilisation des deux agents de lutte biologique est une alternative prometteuse pour la lutte contre le carpocapse de la pomme dans les vergers de pommiers.
Mots-clés :
- Cydia pomonella,
- Trichogramma minutum,
- CpGV,
- vergers de pommiers,
- parasitoïde oophage,
- lutte biologique,
- lutte intégrée
Parties annexes
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