Résumés
Résumé
La viticulture est l’une des industries les plus largement établies dans le monde. Au Canada, après l’Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique, c’est au tour du Québec de connaître une intensification de la viticulture. Or, plusieurs contraintes sont et seront associées à cette intensification. La vigne est une plante vivace caractérisée par une croissance indéfinie impliquant une disponibilité continue de tissus tendres et éventuellement une susceptibilité aux insectes et maladies. Depuis ses origines, la vigne a évolué en constante dualité avec les virus. Plus de 60 virus sont actuellement associés à la vigne à l’échelle mondiale, dont la majorité des virus sont pathogènes, pouvant réduire la vigueur et la productivité des vignes ou la qualité des raisins. Au Québec, la dernière enquête qui fait état des virus dans les vignobles date des années 1990. Cette enquête a révélé la présence de deux virus pathogènes de la vigne alors que l’ensemble des virus présents dans les vignobles du Québec restent toujours à définir. Ce manquement de connaissance est sans doute l’un des facteurs qui expliquent l’inefficacité des stratégies de lutte contre les viroses de la vigne. Ces stratégies reposent essentiellement sur la prévention et sur des programmes de certification du matériel viticole en ciblant des virus connus et détectables. Dans cet article, nous évoquons les lacunes associées à l’état des virus de la vigne au Québec et nous expliquons comment un programme de biovigilance peut aider à mitiger les menaces et assurer une lutte efficace contre les viroses de la vigne.
Mots-clés :
- stratégies d’atténuation,
- virus de la vigne,
- biovigilance,
- programme de certification
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most widely grown fruit crops in the world. In Canada, following Ontario and British Columbia, it is Quebec’s turn to promote viticulture. However, several constraints are and will be associated with this intensification. Worldwide, over 60 different viruses can infect grapevines and may impact their vigour, productivity and the quality of grapes. In Quebec, the last survey on grapevine viruses was performed during the 90s which revealed the presence of two pathogenic viruses. However, no study was conducted to identify grapevine virome including pathogenic and beneficial viruses. This was probably due to the lack of molecular tools for detection and identification. In this paper, we highlight the grapevine viruses knowledge gaps in Quebec. Based on recent progress in omic-techniques and risk prediction tools, we explain how a biovigilance framework could lead to mitigate potential viral threats and how it can provide an efficient control for grapevine viral diseases present in the territory.
Keywords:
- mitigation strategies,
- grapevine virus,
- biovigilance,
- certification programme
Parties annexes
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