Résumés
Abstract
To find seed treatments that are acceptable for organic cereal production, we tested the efficacy of three treatments, i.e. dry heat, a low dose of acetic acid vapours (AAV-L), and a high dose of AAV (AAV-H), to control Fusarium graminearum (Fg) and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs), two seed-borne pathogens affecting emergence and yield in barley and wheat. These treatments were compared with a control (no treatment) and Vitaflo®-280. Treatments were applied on six barley and six wheat seed lots contaminated with Fg at a rate of > 20% (i.e. > 20% of seeds contaminated) and/or Bs at a rate of > 50%. For all Fg-contaminated lots, the three non-chemical treatments reduced the contamination rate under the rejection threshold of 15%, which is the Danish recommendation for Fusarium spp. For Bs-contaminated lots, AAV-H reduced contamination the most, followed by AAV-L, and then by dry heat, which had no effect on barley. However, these treatments did not reduce Bs contamination under the rejection threshold of 30%, except for AAV-H in one barley lot and dry heat in one wheat lot. Also, AAV-H reduced the germination in three wheat lots and in the hulless barley AC Hawkeye, and this had negative effects on grain yield for two of the wheat lots. AAV-H had no effect on grain yield in the other lots, and neither did the other treatments in any of the lots. Dry heat was effective for controlling Fg in both cereals, whereas AAV-H showed some potential to control both pathogens, but only in covered grains. None of the treatments evaluated appears to be appropriate for reducing contamination by either pathogens in wheat and barley.
Keywords:
- acetic acid vapour,
- barley,
- Bipolaris sorokiniana,
- dry heat,
- Fusarium graminearum,
- Hordeum vulgare,
- seed treatments,
- Triticum aestivum,
- wheat
Résumé
Dans le but de trouver un traitement de semences acceptable en production céréalière biologique, nous avons testé l’efficacité de trois traitements non chimiques, soit la chaleur sèche ainsi que les vapeurs d’acide acétique à faible dose (VAA-L) et à forte dose (VAA-H), pour contrer le Fusarium graminearum (Fg) et le Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs), deux agents pathogènes qui affectent la levée et le rendement de l’orge et du blé lorsque présents sur les semences. Ces traitements ont été comparés à un témoin sans traitement et au Vitaflo®-280. Les traitements ont été appliqués sur six lots de semences d’orge et six lots de blé contaminés par Fg à plus de 20 % (c’est-à-dire, > 20 % de grains contaminés) ou par Bs à plus de 50 %. Pour tous les lots contaminés par Fg, les trois traitements non chimiques ont réduit la contamination sous le seuil de nuisibilité de 15 %, soit le seuil recommandé au Danemark pour Fusarium spp. Dans les lots contaminés par Bs, VAA-H a réduit la contamination dans le plus grand nombre de lots, suivi par VAA-L, puis par la chaleur sèche, laquelle n’a eu aucun effet chez l’orge. Cependant, ces traitements n’ont pas réduit la contamination par Bs sous le seuil de nuisibilité de 30 %, à l’exception de VAA-H dans un lot d’orge et de la chaleur sèche dans un lot de blé. VAA-H a aussi réduit la germination dans trois lots de blé et dans le lot d’orge nue AC Hawkeye, ce qui a eu des répercussions négatives sur le rendement en grains dans deux de ces lots de blé. VAA-H n’a pas eu d’effet sur le rendement dans les autres lots et les autres traitements n’ont eu d’effet sur aucun lot. La chaleur sèche s’est montrée efficace pour réduire Fg sur les deux céréales, alors que VAA-H a démontré un certain potentiel pour réduire Fg et Bs, mais chez les espèces à grains vêtus seulement. Aucun des traitements évalués ne semble convenir pour réduire les deux agents pathogènes à la fois sur le blé et sur l’orge.
Mots-clés :
- Bipolaris sorokiniana,
- blé,
- chaleur sèche,
- Fusarium graminearum,
- Hordeum vulgare,
- orge,
- traitements de semences,
- Triticum aestivum,
- vapeur d’acide acétique
Parties annexes
References
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