Résumés
Résumé
La germination des graines complique les analyses de l’état sanitaire des semences effectuées sur milieux de culture gélosés. Cette recherche visait à identifier un inhibiteur de la germination des semences inoffensif pour les Fusarium spp. et le Bipolaris sorokiniana, des champignons pathogènes qui diminuent le pouvoir germinatif et l’état sanitaire des semences. Dans des essais préliminaires, le NaCl a été écarté, alors que le paraquat a été retenu comme candidat le plus prometteur. Des doses de paraquat de 0 à 80 mg L-1 ont été évaluées pour le recouvrement des Fusarium sur un milieu peptone-PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzène) et du B. sorokiniana sur un milieu PDA-bénomyl. Des lots de semences d’avoine, de blé et d’orge contaminés à différents degrés ont été utilisés. On a déterminé la contamination par ces champignons, la germination totale et la germination nuisible des graines après 7 j. Les doses de 40 mg L-1 pour les Fusarium spp. et de 50 mg L-1 pour le B. sorokiniana ont été retenues pour leur efficacité. On a aussi observé une diminution de divers contaminants importuns, dont des levures et des Rhizopus spp. L’ajout du paraquat aux deux milieux de culture apporte une nette amélioration technique pour la détection de ces champignons pathogènes dans les semences de céréales.
Mots-clés :
- Bipolaris,
- Fusarium,
- semences,
- semences,
- état sanitaire,
- milieu de culture,
- germination
Abstract
Seed germination complicates seed health tests performed on agar culture media. The objective of this research was to identify an inhibitor of seed germination that does not affect recovery of Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana, two fungal pathogens that reduce seed germination and seed health. During preliminary assays, NaCl was rejected while paraquat was identified as the best candidate. Paraquat doses ranging from 0 to 80 mg L-1 were evaluated for the recovery of Fusarium spp. on peptone-PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) agar and for the recovery of B. sorokiniana on a PDA-benomyl medium. Seed lots of oat, wheat, and barley, infected at different degrees, were used for the trials. Contamination with both fungi as well as total and detrimental germinations were determined after 7 d. Doses of 40 mg L-1 for Fusarium spp. and 50 mg L-1 for B. sorokiniana detection were identified as the most efficient. We also noticed a reduction in some contaminants such as yeasts and Rhizopus spp. The addition of paraquat into culture media to detect these pathogens constitutes a significant improvement of the seed health testing techniques used in cereals.
Keywords:
- Bipolaris,
- cereals,
- culture media,
- Fusarium,
- germination,
- seed analysis,
- seed health
Parties annexes
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