Résumés
Abstract
Heterobasidion irregulare is the scientific name for the North American fungal species that was previously known as H. annosum (P-type) and Fomes annosus. In eastern Canada, the pathogen is found mainly in red pine plantations in southern Ontario and Quebec, where it causes tree mortality. There is no registered control method currently available for this disease in Canada. Phlebiopsis gigantea is a saprophytic basidiomycete successfully used and registered as a biological control agent in several European countries. In order to register a control product in Canada, its efficacy must be demonstrated under field conditions. Trials were performed with two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea in four red pine plantations in Ontario. The mean diameters of treated stumps ranged from 29 to 35 cm. After 2 mo, all 238 stumps treated were free of disease, while 12% of the 120 untreated stumps were colonized by the pathogen. The two formulations without P. gigantea did not prevent the colonization of the stumps by either P. gigantea or H. irregulare. These results show that the two Canadian isolates of P. gigantea can prevent colonization of red pine stumps by H. irregulare and provide support for the registration of P. gigantea as a biocontrol agent in eastern Canada.
Keywords:
- Biological control,
- efficacy trial,
- Heterobasidion irregulare,
- Phlebiopsis gigantea,
- Pinus resinosa
Résumé
Heterobasidion irregulare est le nom scientifique de l’espèce fongique nord-américaine connue auparavant sous le nom de H. annosum (forme P) et Fomes annosus. Dans l’Est canadien, ce champignon pathogène touche principalement les plantations de pins rouges du sud de l’Ontario et du Québec, où il cause la mort des arbres. Au Canada, aucun produit de contrôle homologué n’est disponible pour lutter contre cette maladie. Phlebiopsis gigantea est un basidiomycète saprophyte utilisé avec succès et homologué comme agent de lutte biologique dans plusieurs pays d’Europe. Pour homologuer un produit semblable au Canada, son efficacité doit être démontrée en forêt. Des essais ont été effectués dans quatre plantations de pins rouges en Ontario avec deux isolats canadiens de P. gigantea. Le diamètre moyen des souches traitées variait de 29 à 35 cm. Après deux mois, les 238 souches traitées n’avaient pas été colonisées par H. irregulare alors que 12 % des 120 souches non traitées l’étaient. Les deux formulations sans P. gigantea n’ont pas prévenu la colonisation des souches ni par P. gigantea, ni par H. irregulare. Ces résultats montrent que les deux isolats canadiens de P. gigantea peuvent prévenir la colonisation des souches de pin rouge par H. irregulare et ils viennent supporter l’homologation de P. gigantea comme agent de lutte biologique dans l’Est du Canada.
Mots-clés :
- Lutte biologique,
- Heterobasidion irregulare,
- Phlebiopsis gigantea,
- Pinus resinosa,
- test d’efficacité
Parties annexes
References
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