Résumés
Abstract
In the search for alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides, aqueous spice extracts were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of various spoilage pathogens and their ability to control potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot in vivo. Results showed that cinnamon, ginger and nutmeg significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger (Ascomycota), Fusarium sambucinum (Ascomycota), Pythium sulcatum (Oomycota) or Rhizopus stolonifer (Zygomycota), whereas horseradish extract did not lead to the inhibition of any microorganism at the tested concentration. Among the most effective extracts, 0.05 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited A. niger and P. sulcatum, and 0.10 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited F. sambucinum. A concentration of 0.05 g mL‑1 of ginger extract also caused 100% inhibition of P. sulcatum. In vivo, cinnamon extract significantly reduced lesions of potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot, and ginger extract reduced lesions of carrot cavity spot. These results indicate that aqueous cinnamon and ginger extracts could provide an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides to control these pathogens.
Keywords:
- Cavity spot,
- cinnamon,
- dry rot,
- Fusarium sambucinum,
- ginger,
- Pythium sulcatum,
- spoilage pathogens
Résumé
Dans la recherche de moyens de remplacement à l'utilisation de fongicides de synthèse, des extraits aqueux d’épices ont été évalués pour leurs effets sur la croissance mycélienne de plusieurs agents pathogènes de conservation et pour leur efficacité in vivo de répression de la pourriture sèche de la pomme de terre et de la maladie de la tache de la carotte. Les travaux réalisés montrent que les extraits de cannelle, de gingembre et de muscade inhibent significativement la croissance mycélienne des hyphomycètes Aspergillus niger et Fusarium sambucinum, de l’oomycète Pythium sulcatum, ou du zygomycète Rhizopus stolonifer, alors que l’extrait de raifort n’a causé aucune inhibition à la concentration testée. Parmi les extraits les plus efficaces, 0,05 g mL‑1 d’extrait de cannelle a complètement inhibé A. niger et P. sulcatum, alors que 0,10 g mL‑1 d’extrait de cannelle a complètement inhibé F. sambucinum. Une concentration de 0,05 g mL‑1 de gingembre a également causé une inhibition de 100 % de P. sulcatum. Des essais in vivo ont montré que l’extrait de cannelle réduisait significativement les lésions de la pourriture sèche et de la maladie de la tache et que l’extrait de gingembre réduisait les lésions de la maladie de la tache. Cette étude suggère la possibilité d’utiliser des extraits aqueux de cannelle ou de gingembre comme produits de remplacement aux fongicides de synthèse pour la répression de certains agents pathogènes.
Mots clés:
- Agents pathogènes de conservation,
- cannelle,
- Fusarium sambucinum,
- gingembre,
- maladie de la tache,
- pourriture sèche,
- Pythium sulcatum
Parties annexes
References
- Avis, T.J. 2007. Antifungal compounds that target fungal membranes: applications in plant disease control. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 29 : 323-329.
- Benard, D., and Z.K. Punja. 1995. Role of Pythium species in cavity spot development on carrots in British Columbia. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 17 : 31-45.
- Cho, J.Y, G.J. Choi, S.W. Son, K.S. Jang, H.K. Lim, S.O. Lee, N.D. Sung, K.Y. Cho, and J.-C. Kim. 2007. Isolation and antifungal activity of lignans from Myristica fragrans against various plant pathogenic fungi. Pest Manag. Sci. 63 : 935-940.
- Cichewicz, R.H., and P.A. Thorpe. 1996. The antimicrobial properties of chile peppers (Capsicum species) and their uses in Mayan medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol. 52 : 61-70.
- Cowan, M.M. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 12 : 564-582.
- Dorman, H.J.D., and S.G. Deans. 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88 : 308-316.
- Fawzi, E.M., A.A. Khalil, and A.F. Afifi. 2009. Antifungal effect of some plant extracts on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8 : 2590-2597.
- Holley, J.D., and L.M. Kawchuk. 1996. Distribution of thiabendazole and thiophanate-methyl resistant strains of Helminthosporium solani and Fusarium sambucinum in Alberta potato storages. Can. Plant Dis. Surv. 76 : 21-27.
- Howard, R.J., J.A. Garland, and W.L. Seaman (eds.). 1994. Diseases and Pests of Vegetable Crops in Canada. The Canadian Phytopathological Society and the Entomological Society of Canada, Ottawa, Canada. 554 p.
- Janisiewicz, W.J., and L. Korsten. 2002. Biological control of postharvest diseases of fruits. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 40 : 411-441.
- Magro, A., M. Carolino, M. Bastos, and A. Mexia. 2006. Efficacy of plant extracts against stored products fungi. Rev. Iberoam. Micol. 23 : 176-178.
- Martinez, C., C.A. Lévesque, R.R. Bélanger, and R.J. Tweddell. 2005. Evaluation of fungicides for the control of carrot cavity spot. Pest Manag. Sci. 61 : 767-771.
- Mecteau, M.R., J. Arul, and R.J. Tweddell. 2008. Effect of different salts on the development of Fusarium solani var. coeruleum, a causal agent of potato dry rot. Phytoprotection 89 : 1-6.
- Naganawa, R., N. Iwata, K. Ishikawa, H. Fukuda, T. Fujino, and A. Suzuki. 1996. Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlic. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62 : 4238-4242.
- Okigbo, R.N, and I.A. Nmeka. 2005. Control of yam tuber with leaf extracts of Xylopia aethiopica and Zingiber officinale. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 4 : 804-807.
- Platt, H.W. 1997. Resistance to thiobendazole in Fusarium species and Helminthosporium solani in potato tubers treated commercially in eastern Canada. Phytoprotection 78 : 1-10.
- Rodríguez, A., C. Nerín, and R. Batlle. 2008. New cinnamon-based active paper packaging against Rhizopus stolonifer food spoilage. J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 : 6364-6369.
- SAS Institute Inc. 1999. SAS/STAT user's guide. Version 8. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
- Tripathi, P., and N.K. Dubey. 2004. Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control post-harvest fungal rotting of fruits and vegetables. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 32 : 235-245.
- Tripathi, P., N.K. Dubey, and A.K. Shukla. 2008. Use of some essential oils as post-harvest botanical fungicides in the management of grey mould of grapes caused by Botrytis cinerea. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 24 : 39-46.
- Yu, E.Y., I.J. Pickering, G.N. George, and R.C. Prince. 2001. In situ observation of the generation of isothiocyanates from sinigrin in horseradish and wasabi. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1527 : 156-160.