Résumés
Abstract
Orobanche crenata, crenate broomrape, causes major drawbacks in faba bean production in Mediterranean countries. The development of resistant varieties remains the most efficient way to solve this problem. This study was designed to assess the resistance of the breeding line XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1 to crenate broomrape, using cv. Bachaar as a susceptible control. Incidence and severity parameters were evaluated in infested fields to values reaching 95% and 4 (on a 1 to 9 scale), respectively, in 'Bachaar', and reaching only 5% and 1.5, in 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. This selected line displayed, at the most, an average of one emerged crenate broomrape individual per plant at crop maturity, whereas 'Bachaar' plants displayed five emerged broomrape individuals under the same conditions. In addition, the seed yield of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' plants was two-fold higher than that of 'Bachaar'. In pot experiments, number and total dry weight of broomrape individuals per plant were significantly higher for 'Bachaar' than for 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. In root chambers, percent germination of broomrape seeds was five-fold lower in the vicinity of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots (3%) than close to 'Bachaar' roots (15%). The direct consequence was a limited number of broomrape tubercles per 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' plant. Furthermore, tubercle formation on 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots was delayed by a week compared with the infection process on 'Bachaar' roots. Finally, some features of 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' roots were characterized, such as the low amount of exudation of germination stimulant, which, combined with a deep root system, triggers resistance to the parasite.
Keywords:
- Breeding,
- germination,
- Orobanche crenata,
- resistance,
- Vicia faba
Résumé
L'orobanche crénelée, Orobanche crenata, occasionne des problèmes majeurs à la production de féverole à petits grains dans la région méditerranéenne. Le développement de variétés résistantes demeure le moyen le plus efficace de résoudre ce problème. Les travaux réalisés visaient à estimer le degré de résistance de la lignée sélectionnée XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1 à l'orobanche crénelée, en prenant le cultivar Bachaar comme témoin sensible. Dans des champs infestés, les paramètres d'incidence et de sévérité ont été estimés à 95 % et à 4 (sur une échelle de 1 à 9), respectivement, pour 'Bachaar' et seulement à 5 % et 1,5 pour 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. À maturité des cultures, sur la ligne sélectionnée, on observait tout au plus l'émergence d'un individu d'orobanche par plant en moyenne, comparativement à cinq émergences par plant chez le cv. Bachaar. De plus, le rendement grainier de 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1' a été deux fois plus élevé que celui de 'Bachaar'. En pot, le cv. Bachaar a montré un nombre et un poids sec total d'orobanche par plant plus élevés que ceux de la lignée XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1. En chambre racinaire, le taux de germination des graines d'orobanche a été cinq fois inférieur à proximité des racines des plants de la lignée XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1 (3 %) qu'à proximité des racines du cv. Bachaar (15 %), ce qui a résulté en un nombre limité de tubercules d'orobanche par plant de 'XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1'. Le développement des tubercules a par ailleurs été retardé d'une semaine chez les racines de cette lignée en comparaison au processus infectieux observable sur les racines de 'Bachaar'. Enfin, nos travaux ont souligné quelques caractéristiques des racines de la lignée XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1-1, incluant leur exsudation peu stimulante qui, en combinaison avec un système racinaire profond, favorise la résistance au parasite.
Mots clés:
- germination,
- Orobanche crenata,
- résistance,
- sélection,
- Vicia faba
Parties annexes
References
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