Résumés
Abstract
Root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a disease that reduces red clover persistence. Agronomical management of red clover includes MCPA application, and there is no information regarding the effects of this herbicide on the disease. MCPA was evaluated for its effects on F. oxysporum root rot and red clover (Trifolium pratense) growth in a greenhouse experiment. Additionally, in vitro mycelial growth and conidial germination of F. oxysporum were studied. For shoot dry weight and crown diameter of seedlings, the interaction of herbicide and inoculum was significant at 30 d. The herbicide–inoculum treatment reduced shoot dry weight by 20% at 1X rate and by 24% at 2X rate, and crown diameter was reduced by 10% at the high rate. The MCPA treatment caused a 40% reduction of root dry weight by the end of the experiment. Application of MCPA caused fusarium root rot to increase in severity on red clover seedlings and caused phytotoxicity at the high rate. Interaction with the other growth parameters was not significant, indicating that the effects of herbicide and inoculum were independent. Conidial germination and mycelial growth in vitro were reduced by MCPA. Results suggest that red clover growth could be negatively affected by F. oxysporum after MCPA application and that root rot severity increases at high rates of MCPA.
Keywords:
- Herbicide,
- legume,
- phytotoxicity,
- plant diseases
Résumé
La pourriture fusarienne des racines, causée par le Fusarium oxysporum, est une maladie qui diminue la pérennité du trèfle rouge. Les pratiques agronomiques pour la culture du trèfle rouge incluent l'application de MCPA, mais on ne connaît pas les effets de cet herbicide sur la maladie. Les effets du MCPA sur la pourriture fusarienne des racines, causée par le Fusarium oxysporum, et sur la croissance du trèfle rouge (Trifolium pratense) furent évalués lors d'une expérience en serre. De plus, la croissance mycélienne in vitro et la germination des conidies du F. oxysporum furent étudiées. Pour le poids de matière sèche du système foliacé et pour le diamètre du collet des plantules, l'interaction de l'herbicide et de l'inoculum était significative à 30 jours. Le traitement herbicide–inoculum diminua le poids de matière sèche du système foliacé de 20 % à une fois la dose et de 24 % à deux fois la dose, et le diamètre du collet fut réduit de 10 % à la dose la plus élevée. À la fin de l'expérience, le traitement au MCPA avait réduit de 40 % le poids de matière sèche des racines. L'application de MCPA a fait augmenter l'intensité de la pourriture fusarienne des racines sur les plantules de trèfle rouge et a provoqué de la phytotoxicité à forte dose. L'interaction avec les autres paramètres de la croissance n'était pas significative, ce qui indique que l'effet de l'herbicide et celui de l'inoculum étaient indépendants. Le MCPA a réduit la germination des conidies et la croissance mycélienne in vitro. Les résultats suggèrent que la croissance du trèfle rouge pourrait être affectée négativement par le F. oxysporum après l'application de MCPA et que l'intensité de la pourriture fusarienne des racines augmente avec de fortes doses de MCPA.
Mots clés:
- Herbicide,
- légumineuse,
- maladies des plantes,
- phytotoxicité
Parties annexes
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