Résumés
Abstract
Biennial wormwood has become a serious weed of several crops in the northern Great Plains of the United States and Prairie Provinces of Canada. Greenhouse replacement series experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of watering regime (stressed and non-stressed) and nitrogen rate (50, 100, 150, and 200 mg kg-1 of soil) on competition between soybean and biennial wormwood. Soybean height was reduced after 9 weeks of competition with biennial wormwood compared with soybean grown in monoculture, whereas biennial wormwood plants were taller when grown with soybean than in monoculture. The change in plant height indicated that biennial wormwood height was increased due to interspecific competition, whereas soybean height was reduced. When moisture was limited, the relative yield of biennial wormwood was greater than that of soybean, indicating that biennial wormwood was more aggressive than soybean. Soybean growth was unaffected by an increase in nitrogen rate, whereas biennial wormwood fresh weight was 30% greater when the nitrogen rate was increased from 50 to 200 mg kg-1. Biennial wormwood aggressivity tended to increase as the nitrogen rate was increased from 50 to 200 mg kg-1. Overall results suggest that the negative impact of biennial wormwood competition with soybeans under field conditions may increase when soil moisture is limited and nitrogen fertility is increased.
Keywords:
- Biennial wormwood,
- competition,
- moisture stress,
- nitrogen,
- replacement series,
- soybean
Résumé
L'armoise bisannuelle est devenue une importante mauvaise herbe pour plusieurs cultures dans le nord des Grandes Plaines des États-Unis et dans les provinces des Prairies au Canada. Des expériences avec des séries de remplacement ont été menées en serre afin d'étudier les effets du régime d'alimentation en eau (stressant et non stressant) et de la quantité d'azote (50, 100, 150 et 200 mg kg-1 de sol) sur la compétition entre le soja et l'armoise bisannuelle. Après 9 semaines de compétition avec l'armoise bisannuelle, la taille du soja était inférieure à celle du soja en monoculture alors que l'armoise bisannuelle était plus grande en présence de soja qu'en monoculture. Les différences dans la taille des plantes montrent que la compétition interspécifique a fait augmenter celle de l'armoise bisannuelle et diminuer celle du soja. Lorsque l'eau était un facteur limitatif, le rendement relatif de l'armoise bisannuelle était plus élevé que celui du soja, ce qui montre que l'armoise bisannuelle était plus agressive que le soja. L'augmentation de la quantité d'azote n'a pas affecté la croissance du soja. Cependant, le poids de matière fraîche de l'armoise bisannuelle était 30 % plus élevé lorsque la quantité d'azote est passée de 50 à 200 mg kg-1. L'agressivité de l'armoise bisannuelle a eu tendance à augmenter lorsque la quantité d'azote est passée de 50 à 200 mg kg-1. Globalement, les résultats montrent que les impacts négatifs de la compétition entre l'armoise bisannuelle et le soja, dans des conditions naturelles, peuvent s'accroître lorsque l'eau manque et que la quantité d'azote disponible augmente.
Mots clés:
- Armoise bisannuelle,
- azote,
- compétition,
- séries de remplacement,
- soja,
- stress hydrique
Parties annexes
References
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