Résumés
Abstract
Ultrastructural characteristics and cytochemical reactions of unusual, irregular elements (IE) in vessel elements in susceptible carnation plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum are reported. As revealed by labelling for chitin, fungal cells in contact with host cell walls or content had altered or defective lucent layers, and labelling was frequently associated with their outer, opaque layer or matter located outside the cells. Coating matter on vessel walls occurred at all stages of infection, and IEs only in later stages. IEs were delineated by opaque, often folded bands, some contouring pit borders, and contained membranous and vesicular structures mixed with other fine components. Only then, IEs were strongly but not uniformly labelled for chitin. Coating, IE-delineating bands, and the opaque outer layer of typical fungal cells were texturally similar, not labelled for chitin or cellulose, except where they impinged upon host walls. Both probes for chitin and cellulose strongly attached to vessel secondary walls. IEs were often confluent with coating, and with fungal cells connected to them by means of microfilamentous structures. Similar microfilamentous structures and opaque bands connected to IEs, the coating, and the microhyphae, or protruding from fungal cells reached into host walls, associated with alterations of these walls. The possible malleable IEs might be a counterpart of the coating, and although they do not occur in the initial stages of the disease, they could play an important role in the final stages of tissue degradation.
Résumé
Ce travail concerne les caractéristiques ultrastructurales et cytochimiques d’éléments, de formes et de structures irrégulières (IEs), présents dans les vaisseaux de plants d’oeillet sensibles à l’infection par le Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi. Avec les sondes utilisées pour détecter la chitine, les cellules fongiques étant en contact avec les cellules hôtes ou leur contenu ont montré des parois altérées ou défectueuses; ainsi, le marquage pour ce substrat était fréquemment relié à de la matière opaque constituante de la couche externe des cellules ou entourant celles-ci. Un tapissement compact couvrant les parois de vaisseaux se trouvait à tous les stades d’infection, mais les IEs ont été observés seulement dans les stades plus avancés. Les IEs étaient délimités par des lamelles opaques et souvent tortueuses, contournant les parois secondaires des ponctuations. Ces IEs ont réagi à divers degrés pour la chitine, dans les cas où ils étaient pourvus de structures membranaires ou vésiculaires et d’une fine substance homogène. Le tapissement, les lamelles limitantes des IEs et des cellules fongiques avaient la même apparence, non marqués pour la chitine ou la cellulose, sauf lorsque ces structures avaient empiété sur les parois cellulaires de l’hôte; celles-ci se sont marquées pour la chitine comme pour la cellulose. Les IEs se rattachaient au tapissement ou aux cellules du champignon, souvent via de fines structures filamenteuses. Des structures semblables et des bandes de matière opaque, contiguës aux IEs, au tapissement ou à des microhyphes, ou provenant de cellules fongiques, atteignaient les parois des cellules hôtes, ainsi altérées. Vu les liens possibles entre le tapissement et les IEs multiformes, ces éléments dans les plants sensibles pourraient alors jouer un rôle important dans la dégradation ultime des tissus.
Parties annexes
References
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