Résumés
Résumé
Les forêts de laminaires sont des écosystèmes riches et productifs, longeant les côtes des zones tempérées à polaires. Dans les eaux du golfe du Saint-Laurent, les platiers rocheux de l’île d’Anticosti abritent des forêts de laminaires qui sont encore très peu caractérisées. En 2021 et en 2022, 2 échantillonnages en plongée sous-marine ont permis de caractériser les communautés de laminaires présentes sur 14 sites au sud-ouest de l’île d’Anticosti. Cinq espèces de laminaires (Saccharina latissima, Alaria esculenta, Hedophyllum nigripes/Laminaria digitata, Agarum clathratum, Saccorhiza dermatodea) ont été recensées, avec une grande variabilité d’assemblage entre les sites. Les densités (de 10 ± 5 à 99 ± 20 individus·m−2) et les biomasses (de 0,3 ± 0,1 à 6,4 ± 1,0 kg·m−2) étaient semblables à celles dans d’autres écosystèmes à laminaires de l’est du Canada. Des relations allométriques sur S. latissima ont permis de mettre en évidence des différences entre les sites, probablement dues aux conditions environnementales locales. Cette caractérisation des forêts de laminaires du sud-ouest de l’île d’Anticosti ouvre des perspectives sur le potentiel écologique et économique de cet écosystème.
Mots-clés :
- biomasse,
- densité,
- île d’Anticosti,
- laminaires,
- relation allométrique,
- subarctique
Abstract
Kelp forests are productive, biodiverse, marine ecosystems that occur throughout temperate and polar coastal zones. Those found growing on the rocky outcrops around Anticosti Island (Québec, Canada), which is situated in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, have been little studied. Underwater sampling was conducted in 2021 and 2022 to characterize the kelp community at 14 sites along the southwestern coast of the island. Five kelp species were recorded (Saccharina latissima, Alaria esculenta, Hedophyllum nigripes/Laminaria digitata, Agarum clathratum, and Saccorhiza dermatodea), in various assemblages among between sites. The density varied from 10 ± 5 to 99 ± 20 individuals·m−2 and the biomass, from 0.3 ± 0.1 to 6.4 ± 1.0 kg·m−2. These values are similar to those observed in other kelp forests in eastern Canada. Allometric relationships for S. latissima showed differences between certain sites, likely due to local environmental conditions. This characterization of the kelp forests along the southwestern coast of Anticosti Island highlights the ecological and economic potential of this ecosystem.
Keywords:
- allometric relationship,
- Anticosti Island,
- biomass,
- density,
- kelp,
- subarctic
Parties annexes
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