Résumés
Résumé
L’étude de la décomposition des carcasses de vertébrés est généralement réalisée lorsque les insectes nécrophages sont actifs ; au printemps, en été et en automne. Mais que se passe-t-il si un animal meurt quelques jours avant l’arrivée des températures froides et de la neige ? Pour répondre à cette question de façon préliminaire, une carcasse de porcelet (30 kg) a été installée dans un boisé de feuillus de novembre 2012 à mai 2013. Pour documenter le processus de décomposition, la carcasse a été photographiée et les insectes échantillonnés à intervalles réguliers. Les résultats démontrent que les températures froides ont perturbé les étapes de décomposition normalement observées (corps frais, gonflé, putréfié, post-putréfié et sec/restes) lors des saisons plus chaudes. En outre, en raison de fluctuations climatiques, seules deux (corps frais/congelé et corps putréfié) des trois premières étapes ont été observées. Les stades post-putréfié et sec n’ont pas été documentés puisque l’expérience a pris fin très tôt au printemps. En novembre, seules 6 espèces de diptères appartenant à 5 familles ont été observées en très petits nombres. Enfin, les redoux des mois de mars et avril ont permis de capturer des coléoptères (8 espèces de 4 familles) et des diptères (21 espèces de 11 familles), dont des Heleomyzidae qui ont été parmi les premiers à visiter la carcasse.
Mots-clés :
- coléoptères,
- diptères,
- décomposition,
- entomologie judiciaire,
- habitat forestier
Abstract
Vertebrate carcass decomposition studies are typically conducted in spring, summer or autumn, when necrophagous insects are most active. But what happens if an animal dies just before the onset of colder weather and the arrival of snow? To provide preliminary answers, a domestic piglet carcass weighing 30 kg was installed in a deciduous woodland in November 2012 and studied until May 2013. The carcass was photographed and examined for insects at regular intervals. The decomposition stages normally observed during warmer seasons (i.e., fresh, bloated, active decay, advanced decay and dry/remains) were disrupted by the cold. Furthermore, because of the weather conditions, only the fresh/frozen and active decay stages of the usual first three stages of physical decay were observed. The advanced decay and dry/remains stages were not documented because the experiment ended before these occurred. In November, small numbers of 6 species of Diptera belonging to 5 families were collected from the carcass. Warmer weather in March and April increased insect activity and 8 species of Coleoptera belonging to 4 families and 21 species of Diptera belonging to 11 families were recorded, with members of the Heleomyzidae being among the first to visit the carcass.
Keywords:
- Coleoptera,
- decomposition,
- Diptera,
- forensic entomology,
- forest habitat
Parties annexes
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