Effets de différentes conditions environnementales sur la production, l’excrétion et la dégradation des cyanotoxines dans les écosystèmes d’eau douce et saumâtre

Dormoy-Boulanger, Jade; Gregory-Eaves, Irene; Juneau, Philippe; Beisner, Beatrix

doi:https://doi.org/10.7202/1073989ar

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Résumés

Résumé

Les cyanotoxines présentes dans l’environnement menacent l’intégrité des écosystèmes aquatiques et la santé humaine. Dans un contexte où les changements climatiques sont susceptibles de favoriser les efflorescences cyanobactériennes, il nous apparaît nécessaire de mettre à jour nos connaissances sur ce sujet. Cette revue de littérature synthétise les effets de différents facteurs environnementaux sur la production et la dégradation des cyanotoxines ainsi que sur la détoxification de la colonne d’eau dans les écosystèmes naturels d’eau douce et saumâtre au Québec. Les effets de certains facteurs traités dans cet article sont bien connus (nutriments, lumière, température de l’eau, biodégradation et activité bactérienne), alors que d’autres, aussi importants (salinité, vent, métaux-traces, pesticides et contact avec les sédiments), mériteraient d’être plus étudiés.

Mots-clés :

changements globaux,
cyanotoxines,
facteurs anthropiques,
milieux naturels,
synthèse de toxines

Abstract

Cyanotoxins in our environment threaten the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and human health. As climate change is suspected to favour cyanobacterial blooms, it is important to have an up-to-date picture of our knowledge concerning this subject. This review summarizes the effects of various environmental factors on the production and degradation of cyanotoxins, and on the detoxification of the water column in freshwater and brackish ecosystems in Quebec (Canada). The influence of some factors discussed in this paper is well known (e.g., nutrients, light, water temperature and bacterial activity), while that of others, which are equally important (e.g., salinity, wind, trace metals, pesticides and sediments), would benefit from further study.

Keywords:

anthropogenic factors,
cyanotoxins,
global changes,
natural environment,
toxin synthesis

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Remerciements

Nous reconnaissons le soutien financier d’Ouranos – Consortium sur la climatologie régionale et l'adaptation aux changements climatiques pour une subvention accordée aux professeurs B. E. Beisner, P. Juneau et I. Gregory-Eaves, en collaboration avec le MELCC et le ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP). Nous reconnaissons également le soutien financier du Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL), un regroupement stratégique financé par le Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies (FRQNT). De plus, nous souhaitons remercier les membres du laboratoire de B. E. Beisner de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) et du laboratoire de I. Gregory-Eaves à l’Université McGill pour leurs commentaires et leur soutien au cours du processus d’écriture de cette revue de littérature. Nous souhaitons faire mention du travail bénévole des réviseurs scientifiques et de l’équipe éditoriale du Naturaliste canadien. Finalement, nous voulons remercier Lissa Dormoy-Boulanger pour ses connaissances du logiciel Photoshop.

Notes biographiques

Jade Dormoy-Boulanger est étudiante à la maîtrise en biologie à l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) et membre étudiante du Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie (GRIL).

Irene Gregory-Eaves est professeure agrégée au département de biologie de l’Université McGill, titulaire de la Chaire de recherche du Canada en écologie des eaux douces et des changements globaux et membre chercheuse du GRIL.

Philippe Juneau est professeur titulaire au département de biologie de l’UQAM, membre du Groupe de recherche en toxicologie de l’environnement (TOXEN) et membre du GRIL.

Beatrix E. Beisner est professeure titulaire au département de biologie de l’UQAM et directrice du GRIL.

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