Résumés
Résumé
L’envahissement des érablières par les fougères est un phénomène de plus en plus fréquent au Québec. Les espèces de fougères envahissantes étudiées ici sont surtout associées à des conditions de drainage imparfait du sol, périodiquement inondé, et à des humus > 14 cm d’épaisseur. L’occurrence de ces espèces de fougères dans les érablières est aussi corrélée à la densité de cerfs de Virginie sur le territoire. Nous avons testé, dans 2 expériences, divers traitements pour favoriser la régénération en érable dans des érablières envahies par Dennstaedtia punctilobula. Seule la combinaison du chaulage et soit de la fauche soit de l’écrasement à répétition des fougères a accru considérablement la densité de semis d’érable après 3 à 5 ans, atteignant 15 à 28 semis/m2. L’écrasement à répétition des fougères ou la pose d’ombrières en sous-bois a aussi réduit de 30 % et plus la densité et la hauteur des fougères. Les observations mettent en lumière la dynamique complexe entre l’ouverture du couvert forestier, l’occurrence de fougères envahissantes, les conditions de fertilité du sol et le broutage par les cerfs, qui influencent l’abondance de la régénération en érable dans les érablières.
Mots-clés :
- Athyrium filix-femina,
- Dennstaedtia punctilobula,
- Dryopteris noveboracensis,
- cerf de Virginie,
- régénération en érable
Abstract
The invasion of sugar maple stands or sugarbushes by ferns is becoming increasingly more common in Québec (Canada). The invasive fern species investigated in the present study are mainly associated with poorly drained soil that is periodically waterlogged and which has a forest humus layer >14 cm. The occurrence of invasive fern species in sugar maple stands is also related to an increase in the density of white-tail deer. In 2 experiments, various treatments aimed at promoting maple regeneration in stands invaded by Dennstaedtia punctilobula, were tested. Only the combination of liming and repeated mowing or flattening of the ferns led to a considerable increase in the density of maple seedling in the understory, reaching 15 to 28 seedlings/m2 after 3 to 5 years. Both repeated flattening of fronds and artificial shading of the understory also decreased frond density and height by at least 30%. The results highlight the complex interactions between openings in the forest canopy, the occurrence of invasive ferns, dear browsing and soil fertility that influence maple regeneration in sugarbushes.
Keywords:
- Athyrium filix-femina,
- Dennstaedtia punctilobula,
- Dryopteris noveboracensis,
- white-tail deer,
- maple regeneration
Parties annexes
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