Résumés
Résumé
Au cours des dernières décennies, des vers de terre exotiques ont colonisé les sols dans plusieurs forêts de l’Amérique du Nord. L’acidité des sols et la rigueur du climat pourraient avoir limité leur colonisation dans certaines forêts tempérées de feuillus. Cependant, le réchauffement climatique et l’utilisation de plus en plus fréquente du chaulage pour contrer le dépérissement des érablières pourraient rendre ces sites plus vulnérables à la colonisation par les vers de terre. Par des expériences sur le terrain et en laboratoire, nous avons évalué la capacité de survie et de reproduction de 3 espèces de vers de terre exotiques dans des sols chaulés (pH de 5,0 à 5,6) et non chaulés (pH ~ 4,0) d’une érablière au sol acide située au nord de l’aire de répartition des érablières au Québec. L’amélioration des caractéristiques du sol par le chaulage a positivement influencé le degré d’activité, la survie et la reproduction de Lumbricus terrestris et d’Aporrectodea caliginosa, 2 espèces d’origine européenne établies en Amérique du Nord. Par contre, l’acidité du sol non chaulé ne semble pas favorable à la colonisation par Lumbricus terrestris, mais pourrait ne pas limiter Aporrectodea caliginosa. Par ailleurs, nos observations indiquent qu’Amynthas hawayanus, une espèce d’origine asiatique établie aux États-Unis, était très active durant la saison estivale et automnale, autant dans le sol acide que chaulé, mais n’avait pas réussi à compléter son cycle de vie avant l’hiver. À la lumière de ces résultats, il semble donc probable que certaines espèces de vers de terre, telles qu’Aporrectodea caliginosa et Lumbricus terrestris, puissent coloniser certaines érablières chaulées au cours des prochaines décennies. Selon des études récentes, cette colonisation par les vers de terre pourrait nuire à l’intégrité écologique de ces érablières.
Mots-clés :
- Amynthas hawayanus,
- Aporrectodea caliginosa,
- colonisation,
- forêt,
- Lumbricus terrestris
Abstract
Over the last few decades, it has been shown that exotic earthworms have colonized forest soils in several parts of North America. To date, the more acidic soils and a harsher climate may have prevented their invasion of certain northern hardwood stands. Climatic change and the increasing use of liming to counter sugar maple dieback could, however, make these sites more vulnerable to colonization. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the survival and reproduction of 3 exotic earthworm species in unamended and lime-amended acidic soil from a sugar maple stand located at the northern limit of the distribution range of the northern hardwood forest in Québec. Liming positively improved those soil parameters beneficial to earthworms, and consequently increased the level of activity, survival and reproductive output of Aporrectodea caliginosa and Lumbricus terrestris, 2 European species established in North America. By contrast, although the high acidity (pH ~ 4) of the untreated soil did not appear to limit A. caliginosa, it was not suitable for L. terrestris. Finally, even though Amynthas hawayanus, an Asian species established in the United States, was very active during the summer and fall, irrespective of whether the soil was amended or not, it was not able to complete its life cycle before the onset of winter. In light of these findings, it seems likely that over the coming decades some earthworm species, such as A. caliginosa and L. terrestris, may colonize limed sugar maple stands. According to recent studies, this could negatively affect the ecological integrity of the affected stands.
Keywords:
- Amynthas hawayanus,
- Aporrectodea caliginos,
- colonization,
- forest,
- Lumbricus terrestris
Parties annexes
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