Résumés
Résumé
Depuis quelques années, l’image associée au phénomène du vieillissement est plus positive : on parle de « bien vieillir », de « vieillissement réussi » ou de « vieillir en santé ». Aucun consensus ne se dégage encore sur ce concept provocateur et stimulant. Dans cette synthèse des principaux écrits, nous présentons un point de vue sur les acceptions et modèles du « bien vieillir ». Ainsi, il apparaît que le contenu du concept varie en fonction du contexte culturel, de la perspective des acteurs et selon les approches. Plusieurs modèles sont aussi identifiés : les uns, unidimensionnels, envisagent le bien vieillir sous l’angle d’un domaine scientifique particulier ; les autres, multicritères, adoptent une perspective plus large. Les déterminants les plus souvent évoqués par ces modèles sont les facteurs psychosociaux, c’est-à-dire les traits de personnalité, les ressources personnelles et sociales. Il demeure toutefois qu’aucun modèle n’intègre encore toutes les dimensions et tous les déterminants potentiels du « bien vieillir ».
Summary
For a few years, the image associated with the ageing process has been more positive : expressions such as « successful aging », « well aging » or « healthy aging » are more frequently used in relation to aging. However, there is still a lack of consensus on this appealing and challenging concept. Therefore, we present an overview of its definition, psychosocial determinants and conceptual models. We report that the meaning of the concept varies according to the cultural context (individualistic/relational societies), to the actors’ perspectives (researcher/elderly) and according to the dominant approach (biomedical/holistic). Several models have also been identified : some are specific to a scientific domain and rely on a unique marker of well aging ; others are multicriterion and embrace a broader field. Psychosocial factors are the most frequent determinants addressed by models. Among these factors, social and personal resources can be mobilized and learned, contrarily to the less modifiable personality traits. In summary, the « well aging » framework offers a unique opportunity to identify and to reinforce positive aspects in the aging process. However, the integration of the various models, more complementary than opposite, into only one meta-model remains a task to be done by researchers for a better effectiveness of « well aging » promotion programs.
Parties annexes
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