Résumés
Résumé
La maladie d’Alzheimer et les syndromes apparentés (c’est-à-dire les autres causes de démences, essentiellement) sont devenus un problème majeur de santé publique en France et sont en passe de devenir, enfin, une priorité, en raison du vieillissement de la population. L’épidémiologie de ces affections est un des éléments essentiels pour la décision en santé publique et pour la connaissance de ces maladies et de leurs déterminants. Selon les estimations les plus raisonnables, il y aurait actuellement en France environ 850 000 cas de maladie d’Alzheimer et syndromes apparentés, et environ 220 000 nouveaux cas par an. Les progrès de la prise en charge font que la durée de la maladie augmente, ainsi que le nombre des malades. En dehors du développement d’un traitement curatif bien peu probable à court terme, seule une politique de prévention devrait permettre de contenir l’accroissement de ce nombre dans un proche avenir. Quatre pistes de prévention sont crédibles : les facteurs de risques cardiovasculaire, notamment l’hypertension artérielle ; la nutrition ; les activités stimulantes et physiques ; l’équilibre affectif et social.
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders (dementia) are a major public health problem due to the number of cases in the general population, the projections for the future, and the consequences of these diseases. We can estimate that about 850 000 cases of dementia were present in France in 2005 and this number will increase to 1 200 000 in 2020 and 2 100 000 in 2040 if the incidence and the duration of the disease did not change. The development of prevention is therefore necessary. Four ways of prevention are credible. The most important is the treatment of vascular risk factors and particularly hypertension. Other ways are nutritionnal factors, stimulating leisure activities and depression.
Parties annexes
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