Résumés
Résumé
La matrice extracellulaire (MEC) est un assemblage de macromolécules (collagènes, protéoglycanes, élastine et glycoprotéines de structure) qui lient des cellules homologues ou hétérologues et les organisent en tissus. La MEC entoure les cellules qui la synthétisent et détermine en retour leur phénotype. Les macromolécules sont intensivement synthétisées pendant le développement et la croissance de l’individu. Chez l’adulte, leur renouvellement est lent. Au cours du vieillissement, l’interaction des macromolécules avec les facteurs environnementaux (glucose, lipides, calcium…) et l’altération des processus de synthèse et de dégradation perturbent l’homéostasie de la matrice et, en conséquence, la fonctionnalité des tissus. Tout processus pathologique accélère les altérations de la MEC, en particulier artérielle.
Summary
The extracellular matrix provides a structural framework essential for the functional properties of tissues. In each tissue, the three-dimensional organisation of the extracellular matrix molecules - elastin, collagens, proteoglycans and structural glycoproteins - synthesized during development and growth is optimal for these functions. In adult tissues, proteases are constitutively expressed but have a very low activity and the turn-over of elastic and collagen fibers is very low. During ageing, the interaction of environmental factors (glucose, lipids, calcium…) and modifications of the biosynthesis and degradation processes lead to modifications of extracellular matrix homeostasis and consequently to alterations of tissue fonctionality. These alterations are increased during pathological processes such as cardiovascular diseases.
Parties annexes
Références
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