Résumés
Résumé
Les protéines G sont des commutateurs moléculaires contrôlant divers aspects de la vie cellulaire tels que la transduction du signal, la réorganisation du cytosquelette et les mécanismes de transport vésiculaire. Ces protéines fixent alternativement les nucléotides GDP et GTP, ce qui leur permet de transiter entre deux conformations structurelles, respectivement inactive et active. L’activation des protéines G résulte d’une interaction avec un facteur d’échange qui stimule la dissociation du GDP pour le remplacer par du GTP. C’est sous cette forme liée au GTP que les protéines G vont pouvoir interagir avec leurs effecteurs et les activer. La stimulation de l’activité intrinsèque d’hydrolyse des protéines G par des protéines GAP (GTPase activating protein) va conduire à un retour vers la forme inactive liée au GDP. De nombreuses études ont montré l’existence d’interconnexions entre les voies de signalisation impliquant les GTPases ARF (ADP ribosylation factor) et Rac/Cdc42. La découverte d’un complexe protéique comprenant PIX, un facteur d’échange pour Rac/Cdc42 et GIT1, une protéine GAP pour les ARF, a récemment donné un nouvel éclairage sur les moyens mis en oeuvre par la cellule pour réguler de façon étroite l’agencement du cytosquelette et la dynamique des membranes. De plus, la plate-forme PIX-GIT1 est associée à des réseaux de signalisation comprenant des suppresseurs de tumeur. Ces données récentes incitent à prendre ce complexe en considération dans le contexte des pathologies cancéreuses.
Summary
We recently described that the tumor suppressor factor Scribble anchors the PIX exchange factor for Rac/Cdc42 and the ARF-GAP GIT proteins at the plasma membrane. Because it has been postulated that the GIT-PIX proteins dimerize and tightly self-assemble to form a high molecular weight complex, this nexus may be capable of linking together important signalling molecules to control cytosqueleton polymerization and membrane dynamics. To date, most studies that have tempted to unravel the function of these proteins have found their implication in a great variety of cellular functions (receptor recycling, endo-exocytosis, cell migration, synapse formation…) but have mostly neglected to consider the multimeric organization of this hub. There is no doubt that our comprehension of physiopathological disorders such as cancers will be improved when the nature of the complex pathways integrated by the GIT-PIX nodule will be understood.
Parties annexes
Références
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