Résumés
Résumé
Les récepteurs nucléaires, médiateurs de la signalisation intracellulaire, sont des facteurs transcriptionnels dont la fonction principale est d’orienter la cellule vers un axe de différenciation donné. Par opposition, les récepteurs membranaires sont plutôt médiateurs d’un message de prolifération cellulaire, activant, par une cascade de phosphorylations, des facteurs transcriptionnels comme le facteur NF-κB et le complexe AP-1. Pour permettre l’intégration de ces signaux extracellulaires, ces différents facteurs transcriptionnels interagissent entre eux et modulent leur activité transcriptionnelle réciproque. Souvent synergiques, ces interactions peuvent aussi être contradictoires et agir par des mécanismes variés, s’exerçant soit au niveau transcriptionnel (compétition pour l’ADN ou pour un cofacteur commun présent en quantités limitantes), soit en amont de la liaison à l’ADN (inhibition de la liaison à l’ADN, inhibition de la phosphorylation…). Quel qu’en soit le mécanisme précis, ces interactions négatives ont une importance physiologique in vivo. Ainsi, la répression exercée par les récepteurs des glucocorticoïdes ou les récepteurs PPAR sur le facteur pro-inflammatoire NF-κB concourt aux effets anti-inflammatoires de leurs ligands respectifs (glucocorticoïdes et fibrates). De même, les interactions entre les récepteurs nucléaires et le complexe AP-1 participent à l’effet anti-oncogénique des glucocorticoïdes ou de l’acide rétinoïque.
Summary
Nuclear receptors are transcription factors mediating a signal pathway that triggers the cell into differentiation. By contrast, membrane receptors mediate a proliferation signal pathway via a phosphorylation cascade that activates transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1 complex. To allow efficient cellular integration of these contradictory signals, transcription factors mutually interact and modulate their transcription activity. Although often synergistic, these interactions can also be negative. They then result from various mechanisms acting either at the transcriptional level (competitive binding to DNA or to a common limitant cofactor…) or upstream DNA binding (inhibition of DNA binding, inhibition of phosphorylation…). Whatever the precise mechanisms, these negative interactions are significant in vivo. For instance, glucocorticoid and PPAR receptors repress the transcription activity of the pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB. This partly explains the anti-inflammatory effects of their respective ligands (glucocorticoids and fibrates). Likewise, interactions between nuclear receptors and AP-1 complex are likeky to participate to the anti-oncogenic activity of glucocorticoids and retinoic acid.
Parties annexes
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