Résumés
Résumé
Les microtubules sont des filaments protéiques participant à des fonctions eucaryotes essentielles (motilité, trafic intracellulaire, division cellulaire) grâce à leurs propriétés dynamiques d’assemblage-désassemblage et à leur capacité d’interagir avec de nombreux facteurs cellulaires. La formation du fuseau mitotique, nécessaire à la ségrégation correcte des chromosomes pendant la division cellulaire, représente un exemple complexe de morphogenèse faisant intervenir les microtubules ainsi que des protéines réglant leurs propriétés dynamiques et leur organisation spatiale. Ces dernières années, de nombreux travaux, réalisés notamment dans le système modèle d’extraits d’oeufs de xénope, ont permis de mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans ce processus et ont incité le développement de nouvelles drogues anti-cancéreuses ciblant le fuseau mitotique.
Summary
Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers that switch stochastically between growing and shrinking states. This behaviour, called dynamic instability, is essential, in eukaryotic cells to many functions such as motility, intracellular trafficking or mitosis. The assembly of the mitotic spindle, required for the correct segregation of chromosomes during the cell cycle, depends on both microtubules and proteins regulating their dynamics and spatial arrangement. In recent years, many studies have been performed, especially in the xenopus egg extracts model system, to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. The growing understanding of the assembly and function of the mitotic spindle allows the development of new anti-tumoral drugs targeting this structure.
Parties annexes
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