Résumés
Résumé
Accompagnant depuis la nuit des temps la vie des hommes, le stress n’apparaît pas sans conséquences sur leur état de santé. Le rôle des peurs, des émotions et des contraintes prégnantes dans l’apparition de maladies organiques ou psychiques a, depuis longtemps, fait l’objet d’observations cliniques. Les progrès récents des neurosciences et l’identification de mécanismes moléculaires communs aux systèmes nerveux et immunitaire offrent des pistes de recherches ou, du moins, indiquent des directions à prendre. En particulier celles des voies biologiques communes impliquées dans différents types de stress, psychologique, traumatique, endotoxique ou infectieux, dont les effets peuvent se conjuguer et se renforcer. Nous avons fait le choix des cytokines, molécules par excellence de l’immunité, mais aussi présentes dans le cerveau ainsi que leurs récepteurs, pour illustrer l’existence de supports moléculaires aux interactions entre stress, immunité et maladies mentales. Ce thème, déjà abordé par d’autres, est généralement traité par des neurobiologistes pour des neurobiologistes. Nous avons souhaité que cet article s’adresse plus particulièrement à ceux, médecins, psychiatres ou étudiants en psychologie et d’autres pour qui le monde des molécules paraît bien éloigné du psychisme.
Summary
Stress, immunity and nervous system physiology have long been viewed as closely interwoven. Ancient clinical observations recount that fears, emotions and permanent constreints have consequences on both the physical and psychological health status of individuals.
Recent advances in the understanding of neurobiological mechanisms and the identification of molecular signaling pathways common to the nervous and the immune systems offer new avenues for present and future research. In this review, we have chosen the cytokine family to illustrate these interactions. A short historical view is presented and time questioning of clinicians on how far molecules may be involved in these interactions is addressed to neurobiologists. This is an attempt to built a bridge between neurobiologists and clinicians, especially those who, in the field of psychology and mental disorders, wonder whether molecules have something to do with the mind.
Parties annexes
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