Résumés
Abstract
This longitudinal case study examines four new FSL teachers’ beliefs regarding the best and worst FSL program for English language learners and students with learning difficulties; the data are drawn from qualitative semi-structured interviews that occurred at the end of the participants’ Bachelor of Education program and near the end of each school year of their first three years of teaching. The case study considers how the teachers did or did not change their views as they gained experience in the classroom.
Keywords:
- English language learners,
- learning difficulties,
- French second language,
- inclusion,
- second language education,
- teacher beliefs
Résumé
Cette étude de cas longitudinale explore les croyances de quatre nouveaux enseignants de français langue seconde (FLS) en ce qui a trait aux meilleurs et pires programmes de FLS offerts aux apprenants de la langue anglaise et aux élèves ayant des difficultés d’apprentissage. Les données sont tirées d’entrevues semi-structurées qualitatives menées à la fin du programme de baccalauréat en éducation des participants ainsi que vers la fin de chacune de leurs trois premières années de pratique. L’étude de cas examine de quelle manière le point de vue des enseignants a ou n’a pas changé à mesure qu’ils ont acquis de l’expérience en classe.
Mots-clés :
- apprenants de la langue anglaise,
- difficultés d’apprentissage,
- français langue seconde,
- inclusion,
- enseignement de la langue seconde,
- croyances des enseignants
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Arnett, K. (2003). Teacher adaptations in core French: A case study of one Grade 9 class. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 60(2), 173-198.
- Arnett, K. (2010). Scaffolding in a Grade 8 core French classroom: An exploratory case study. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 66(4), 557-582.
- Arnett, K. (2013). The genesis and perpetuation of exemptions and transfers from French second language programs for students with diverse learning needs: A preliminary examination and their link to inclusion. In C. Mady (Ed.), Minority populations in Canadian second language education (pp. 103-117). Toronto, ON: Multilingual Matters.
- Arnett, K., & Mady, C. (2010). A critically conscious examination of special education within FSL and its relevance to FSL teacher education programs. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics 13(1), 19-36.
- Baecher, L., & McCormack, B. (2015). The impact of video review on supervisory conferencing. Language and Education, 29(2), 153-173.
- Borg, M. (2001). Teachers’ beliefs. ELT Journal, 55(2), 186-187.
- Brown, N., Morehead, P., & Smith, J. (2008). But I love children: Changing elementary teacher candidates’ conceptions of the qualities of effective teachers. Communities of Practice, 35(1), 169-183.
- Bruck, M. (1978). The suitability of early French immersion for the language disabled child. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 34(5), 884-887.
- Carr, W. (2013). Learning French in British Columbia: English as additional language learner and parent perspectives. In K. Arnett & C. Mady (Eds.), Minority populations in second language education: Broadening the lens from Canada (pp. 22-37). Bristol, United Kingdom: Multilingual Matters.
- Creswell, J. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing from among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Fang, Z. (1996). A review of research on teacher beliefs and practices. Educational Research, 38(1), 47-65. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188960380104
- Fenwick, L., Humphrey, S., Quinn, M., & Endicott, M. (2014). Developing deep understanding about language in undergraduate pre-service teacher programs through the application of knowledge. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(1), 1-38. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2014v39n1.4
- Garmon, M. (2004). Changing preservice teachers’ attitudes/beliefs about diversity: What are the critical factors? Journal of Teacher Education, 55(3), 201-213.
- Garmon, M. (2005). Six key factors for changing preservice teachers’ attitudes/beliefs about diversity. Educational Studies, 38(3), 275-286.
- Graber, K. (1995). The influence of teacher education programs on the beliefs of student teachers: General pedagogical knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and teacher education course work. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 14(2), 157-178.
- Harvey, O. (1986). Beliefs systems and attitudes toward the death penalty and other punishments. Journal of Personality, 54(4), 659-675.
- Johnson, K. E. (1999). Understanding language teaching: Reasoning in action. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.
- Johnson, K. E. (2009). Second language teacher education: A sociocultural perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Johnson, R., & Christensen, L. (2014). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Washington, DC: Sage.
- Jordan, A., Lindsay, L., & Stanovich, P. (1997). Classroom teachers’ instructional interactions with students who are exceptional, at-risk, and typically achieving. Remedial and Special Education, 18(2), 82-93.
- Kagan, D. (1992). Implications of research on teacher beliefs. Educational Psychologist, 27(1), 65-90.
- Kang, H. S. (2015). Teacher candidates’ perceptions of nonnative-English speaking teacher educators in a TESOL program: “Is there a language barrier compensation?” TESOL Journal, 6(2), 225-251.
- Kissau, S., Algozzine, B., & Yon, M. (2012). Similar but different: The beliefs of foreign language teachers. Foreign Language Annals, 45, 580-598. doi: 10.1111/j.1944-9720.2013.12001.x
- Klassen, R., & Tze, V. (2014). Teachers’ self-efficacy, personality, and teaching effectiveness: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 12, 59-76. Retrieved from doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2014.06.001
- Lantolf, J. P. (Ed.). (2000). Sociocultural theory and second language learning. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Lortie, D. (1975). School teacher: A sociological study. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
- Mady, C. (2012a). Inclusion of English language learners in French as a second official language classes: Teacher knowledge and beliefs. International Journal of Multilingualism, 9(1), 1-14.
- Mady, C. (2012b). Official language bilingualism to the exclusion of multilingualism: Immigrant student perspectives on French as a second official language in “English-dominant” Canada. Language and Intercultural Communication, 12(1), 74-89.
- Mady, C. (2012c). Voices of immigrant adults: Perspectives and experiences with French as a second official language in “English-dominant” Canada. Intercultural Promenades: Journal of Modern Languages and Intercultural Studies, 1(1), 35-51.
- Mady, C. (2014). The role of proficiency and social context on the Grade 6 students’ acquisition of French as a second official language in Canada. International Journal of Multilingualism, 11(2), 247-262.
- Mady, C. (2016). French immersion for English language learners?: Kindergarten teachers’ perspectives. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 62(3), 253-267.
- Mady, C. (2017). Multilingual immigrants’ French and English acquisition in Grade 6 French immersion: Evidence as means to improve access. Language and Intercultural Communication, 18(2), 204-224. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14708477.2017.1364259
- Mady, C., & Arnett, K. (2015). Supporting Allophone students and students with learning difficulties in the second language classroom: FSL teacher candidates’ beliefs and knowledge. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 18(2), 78-95.
- Mady, C., & Arnett, K. (2017). Core or immersion? Canadian French Second Language (FSL) teacher candidates’ perceptions and experiences of the best/worst FSL program options for students with learning difficulties and English language learner (ELL) students. Exceptionality Education International, 2(1), 17-37.
- Mady, C., Arnett, K., & Muilenburg, L. (2016). French second language teacher candidates’ positions towards Allophone students and implications for inclusion. The International Journal of Inclusive Education, 21(1), 103-116. doi: 10.1080/13603116.2016.1184330
- Mady, C., & Masson, M. (2018). Principals’ beliefs about language learning and inclusion of English language learners in Canadian elementary French immersion programs. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 21(1), 71-93.
- Mannavarayan, J. M. (2002). The French immersion debate: French for all or all for French? Calgary, AB: Detselig.
- Mansfield, C., & Volet, S. (2010). Developing beliefs about classroom motivation: Journeys of preservice teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26, 1404-1415. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.04.005
- McGowan, S., & Kern, A. (2014). Pre-service foreign language teachers’ attitudes of privilege and oppression. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 2(1), 31-43.
- Merç, A. (2015). Assessing the performance in EFL teaching practicum: Student teachers’ views. International Journal of Higher Education, 4(2), 44-56.
- Merriam, S. (1988). Case study research in education: A qualitative approach. San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Ní Chrónín, D., & O’Sullivan, M. (2014). From initial teacher education through induction and beyond: A longitudinal study of primary teacher beliefs. Irish Educational Studies, 33(4), 451-466.
- Pajares, F. (1993). Preservice teacher beliefs: A focus for teacher education. Action in Teacher Education, 15(2), 45-54.
- Richardson, V. (2003). Preservice teachers’ beliefs. In J. Raths & A. R. McAninch (Eds.), Teacher beliefs and classroom performance: The impact of teacher education (pp. 1-22). Charlotte, NC: Information Age.
- Stake, P. (1995). The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Taaffe, R., Maguire, M., & Pringle, I. (1996). The impact of social contexts and educational policy / practice on biliteracy development: Ethnolinguistic minority children in English primary schools in Ottawa and Montreal. Journal of the CAAL, 18(2), 85-101.
- Trites, R. L., & Price, M. A. (1977). Learning disabilities found in association with French immersion programming: A cross-validation. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa Press.
- Vygotsky. L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Wertsch, J. V. (1991). Voices of the mind: A sociocultural approach to mediated action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Yin, R. (2009). How to do better case studies. In L. Bickrman & D. Rog (Eds.), Handbook of applied social research methods (pp. 254-282). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.