Résumés
Abstract
In this article we review legislation and bylaws that relate to school bullying. This review focuses on the differences in how bullying is defined by researchers and legislators. It further examines how some laws identify bullying specifically, whereas others address more general acts of aggression. Some laws pertain to the school environment, while others specify the workplace environment. We also examine the role of bylaws in addressing bullying. We conclude that bullying is often absent from legislation, and when it is included its definition varies across jurisdictions and/or omits non-physical forms.
Résumé
Dans cet article, nous passons en revue la législation et la réglementation en lien avec l’intimidation à l’école. Ce portrait cible les différences existant entre les définitions que donnent au phénomène les chercheurs et les législateurs. Il examine également la manière dont certaines lois identifient l’intimidation où d’autres ciblent des actes d’agressions plus généraux. Enfin, certaines lois abordent la problématique au sein du contexte scolaire, alors que d’autres visent les milieux de travail. Par ailleurs, nous faisons l’examen du rôle des règlements dans le traitement de l’intimidation. Nous concluons que l’intimidation est fréquemment ignorée par les législateurs. Lorsqu’intégrée à la législation, sa définition varie considérablement selon les juridictions et/ou omet les formes non-physiques d’agressions.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
References
- Beran, T. (2006). A construct validity study of bullying. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 52(4), 238-247.
- Beran, T., & Li, Q. (2005). Cyber-harassment: A study of a new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(3), 265-277.
- Beran, T., & Tutty, L. (2007, May). What teachers need to know about school bullying. Presentation at the PREVNet annual conference, Montreal.
- Bill 66. (2007). Bill No. 66 of 2006-2007: An Act to amend The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993. Retrieved on October 17, 2007 from http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/english/FirstRead/2006-07/Bill-66.pdf.
- Bjorkqvist, K., & Jansson, V. (2001). Tackling violence in schools: A report in Finland. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 from http://www.gold.ac.uk/connect/reportfinland.html
- British Columbia Ministry of Education. (1997). Policy circular number 97-04 (pp. 9-10).
- Brunstein, K. A., Marrocco, F., Kleinman, M., Schonfeld, I. S., & Gould, M. S. (2007). Bullying, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 40-49.
- CBC News. (2006). Regina bylaw to target cyber-bullies. Retrieved October 17, 2007 from http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2006/04/25/bullying-regina060425
- CBC News. (2007). Cyber-bullying could lead to school expulsion in Ontario. Retrieved October 18, 2007 from http://www.cbc.ca/canada/ottawa/story/2007/04/17/safeschools.html
- City of Regina Bylaw #2006-38. The Regina Anti-Bullying and Public Fighting Bylaw.
- Craig, W., & Pepler, D. J. (1997). Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In C. A. Eddau & F. Petermann (Eds.), Developmental psychopathology: Epidemiology, diagnostics and treatment (pp. 97-139). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers.
- Education Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. E. 2. Ontario. Retrieved October 15, 2007 from http://www.elaws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_90e02_e.htm
- Education Act in Ontairo, Section 301(2). Retrieved October 18, 2007 from http://www.lexisnexis.com/ca/legal/results/pubTreeViewDoc.do?nodeId=TAHUAAWAABAAC&pubTreeWidth=23%25
- Espelage, D. L., & Holt, M. (2007). Dating violence and sexual harassment across the bully-victim continuum among middle and high school students. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 799-811.
- European Union On-Line. (2009). Retrieved on August 31, 2009 from http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/employment_and_social_policy/health_hygiene_safety_at_work/c11113_en.htm#AMENDINGACT
- Farrington, D. P., & West, D. J. (1993). Criminal, penal and life histories of chronic offenders: Risk and protective factors and early identification. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 3(4), 492-523.
- Finnish Basic Education Act. Retrieved on October 29, 2007 from http://www.finlex.fi/en/laki/kaannokset/1998/en19980628
- Fosse, G. K., & Holen, A. Childhood maltreatment in adult female psychiatric outpatients with eating disorders. Eating Behaviours, 7, 404-409.
- Garner, B. A. (2004). Black’s law dictionary, eighth edition. Thompson West: St. Paul.
- Greene, M. B., & Ross, R. (2005). The nature, scope, and utility of formal laws and regulations that prohibit school-based bullying and harassment. Retrieved October 30, 2007 from http://gwired.gwu.edu/hamfish/merlincgi/p/downloadFile/d/16896/n/off/other/1/name/GreeneandRoss5237Paperpdf/
- Langevin, M. (2004). New bullying bylaw targets bystanders too. Retrieved October 17, 2007 from http://www.expressnews.ualberta.ca/article.cfm?id=5903
- Limber, S. P., & Small, M. A. (2003). State laws and polices to address bullying in schools. School Psychology Review, 32, 445-455.
- Mishna, F., Scarcello, I., Pepler, D., & Wiener, J. (2005). Teacher’s understanding of bullying. Canadian Journal of Education, 28, 718-738.
- Nansel, T. R., Overpeck, M. Pilla, R. S., Ruan, W. J., Simons-Morton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviours among US youth: Prevalence and associationg with psychosocial adjustment. Research Support, Non U.S. Government, 285, 2094 – 2100.
- National Conference of State Legislatures. (2007a). School bullying. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 from http://www.ncsl.org/programs/educ/bullyingoverview.htm
- National Conference of State Legislatures. (2007b). School bullying: legislation and laws. Retrieved on October 17, 2007 from http://www.ncsl.org/programs/educ/SchBullyingLegislation.htm
- Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. In D. Pepler & K. Rubin (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411-448). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Olweus, D. (1993). “Bullying at school? What we know and what we can do.” Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
- Olweus, D. (2001). Peer harassment: A critical analysis and some important issues. In J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of the vulnerable and victimized (pp. 3-20). NY: Guilford.
- OPSEU: Ontario Public Service Employees Union. (2007). Bullying and mobbing in the workplace. Retrieved on October 20, 2007 from http://www.opseu.org/committees/equity/pdf/EERC%20Support%20-%20Mobbing%20and%20Bullying.pdf
- Pepler, D. J., Craig, W. M., Connolly, J. A., Yuile, A., McMaster, L., & Jiang, D. (2006). A developmental perspective on bullying. Aggressive Behaviour, 32, 376 – 384.
- Protection of privacy of young persons within the Youth Criminal Justice Act. Retrieved on October 17, 2007 from http://www.canlii.org/ca/sta/y-1.5/sec111.html
- Public Schools Act - 41(6) - 170 C.C.S.M. c. P250. Retrieved on October 15, 2007 from http://www.canlii.com/eliisa/highlight.do?text=bullying+in+school&language=en&searchTitle=Manitoba&path=/mb/laws/sta/p-250/20070910/part2.html
- R. v. D. W. and K. P. D. [2002] British Columbia Provincial Court 0386. File No. 7221-1. Abbotsford. http://www.provincialcourt.bc.ca/judgments/pc/2002/03/p02_0386.htm
- Shariff, S. (2004). Keeping schools out of court: legally defensible models of leadership. The Educational Forum, 68, 222-233.
- Shariff, S. (2005). Cyber-dilemmas in the new millennium: school obligations to provide student safety in a virtual school environment. McGill Journal of Education, 40, 467-487.
- Shariff, S. (2009). Confronting cyber-bullying: What schools need to know to control misconduct and avoid legal consequences. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Smith, J. D., Cousins, J. B., & Stewart, R. (2005). Antibullying interventions in schools: Ingredients of effective programs. Canadian Journal of Education, 28, 739-762.
- Toronto Star. (2003). Edmonton passes anti-bullying bylaw measure will be useful tool police explain. Retrieved October 17, 2007 from http://www.canadiancrc.com/articles/Tor_Star_Edmonton_passes_anti-bullying_bylaw_11MAR03.htm
- Town of Rocky Mountain House Bylaw 04/05V.