Résumés
Abstract
This article explores perceptions of welfare services from the perspective of a linguistic minority, the Finland-Swedes. Since Finland has an extensive universal welfare system and is an officially bilingual country, the relatively small Swedish-speaking numerical minority has equal rights to welfare provision in their mother tongue. This provides an analytically promising case, as expectations toward the Finnish welfare system are high, while delivering quality language-based welfare services to minorities can be challenging. We hypothesize that attitudes regarding language-based welfare service are guided by either rational self-interest, i.e. language skills, or ingroup identity. Our analyses are based on a survey among a random sample of Swedish-speaking Finns in the winter of 2018-2019. We found that the attitudes toward language-based welfare services were guided by both self-interest and identity, but their impact depended on whether respondents were asked about their specific evaluation of, or general desire for, language-based welfare services.
Keywords:
- linguistic minority,
- universal welfare,
- Finland-Swedes,
- identity,
- Finland
Résumé
Cet article explore la perception des services sociaux du point de vue d’une minorité linguistique, les Finlandais suédophones. La Finlande a un système de protection sociale étendu et universel. Puisqu’elle est un pays officiellement bilingue, la minorité suédophone, relativement peu nombreuse, a des droits égaux à des services de protection sociale fournis dans sa langue maternelle. Cette situation présente un cas prometteur pour nos analyses, étant donné que les attentes à l’égard du système de protection sociale finlandais sont élevées et que la fourniture de services de protection sociale de qualité et dans leur langue à des minorités constitue un défi. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que les attitudes à l’égard de la langue de prestation des services de bien-être social sont guidées soit par un intérêt personnel rationnel, c’est-à-dire les compétences linguistiques, soit par l’identité de groupe. Nos analyses se fondent sur une enquête auprès d’un échantillon aléatoire de Finlandais suédophones réalisée au cours de l’hiver 2018-2019. Les résultats révèlent que les attitudes à l’égard de la langue de prestation des services de bien-être sont guidées à la fois par l’intérêt personnel et par l’identité. Toutefois, l’effet de ces attitudes varie selon qu’il s’agit de l’évaluation des répondants ou de leur désir général à l’égard de la langue de prestation des services de bien-être.
Mots-clés :
- minorité linguistique,
- système de bien-être universel,
- Finlandais-Suédois,
- identité,
- Finlande
Abstrakti
Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan käsityksiä hyvinvointipalveluista kielivähemmistön näkökulmasta. Suomi on maa, jolla on kaksi kansallista kieltä ja kattava yleinen hyvinvointijärjestelmä, mikä tarkoittaa, että lukumäärältään pienellä ruotsinkielisellä vähemmistöllä on yhtäläinen oikeushyvinvointipalveluihin heidän omalla kielellään. Tämä johtaa suuriin odotuksiin hyvinvointipalveluista samaan aikaan, kun näiden palvelujen tarjoamisessa pienemmällä kansallisella kielellä on usein haasteita. Tutkimme, ohjaako kielipohjaisia hyvinvointipalveluita koskevia mielipiteitä oman edun tavoittelun rationaali eli enemmistön kielen kielitaito vai kielipohjainen ryhmäidentiteetti. Analyysimme perustuvat kyselytutkimukseen satunnaisotoksella ruotsinkielisiä suomalaisia talvella 2018–2019. Tulokset osoittavat, että mielipiteitä kielipohjaisista hyvinvointipalveluista ohjaavat sekä oma etu että ryhmäidentiteetti, mutta lopputulos riippuu siitä, arvioivatko vastaajat kielipohjaisten hyvinvointipalvelujen saatavuutta (spesifi arvo) vai ilmaisevatko he yleisiä odotuksia hyvinvointipalveluista äidinkielellään.
Nyckelord:
- språkminoritet,
- universell välfärdsservice,
- finlandssvenskar,
- identitet,
- Finland
Abstrakt
Denna artikel undersöker uppfattningar om välfärdsservice ur en språkminoritets perspektiv. Finland är ett land med två nationalspråk och med ett omfattande universellt välfärdssystem, vilket betyder att den numerärt sett lilla svenskspråkiga minoriteten har en jämlik rätt till välfärdsservice på sitt eget språk. Det leder till höga förväntningar på välfärdstjänster, samtidigt som det ofta finns utmaningar i att kunna leverera dessa tjänster på det mindre nationalspråket. Vi undersöker huruvida åsikterna gällande språkbaserad välfärdsservice styrs av ett rationellt egenintresse, dvs. språkkunskaper i majoritetsspråket, eller av språkigbaserad gruppidentitet. Våra analyser bygger på en enkätundersökning bland ett slumpmässigt urval av svenskspråkiga finländare under vintern 2018-2019. Resultaten visar att åsikter om språkbaserade välfärdstjänster både styrs av egenintresse och av gruppidentitet, men att utfallet beror på om respondenterna utvärderar tillgången till språkbaserad välfärdsservice (en specifik värdering), eller anger en allmän förväntan om välfärdsservice på modersmålet.
Avainsanat:
- kielivähemmistö,
- yleinen hyvinvointijärjestelmä,
- suomenruotsalaiset,
- identiteetti,
- Suomi
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