Résumés
Abstract
The literature generically addresses controversies related to the lack of social acceptance of projects, usually overlooking their specificities. We argue instead that each trajectory of social acceptance (or lack thereof) is unique. This article demonstrates this through a qualitative analysis of three controversial projects: Matoush uranium mining (2006-2020), Facebook’s cryptocurrency (2017-2021), and Covid-19 vaccination (2020-2021). We develop an analytical framework that conceptualizes social acceptance as a dynamic trajectory of legitimation and justification revolving around three pillars: eco-traditional, symbolic, and technical. This article enriches our understanding of social acceptance issues and offers new research perspectives at the interface of social acceptance, legitimation, and institutional logics.
Keywords:
- social license to operate,
- legitimacy,
- institutional logics,
- orders of worth,
- projects,
- controversy
Résumé
La littérature aborde de manière générique les controverses liées à la non-acceptabilité sociale des projets. Nous soutenons plutôt que chaque trajectoire d’acceptabilité sociale (ou de non-acceptabilité) est unique. Cet article le démontre grâce à l’analyse qualitative de trois projets controversés : l’exploitation uranifère Matoush (2006-2020), la cryptomonnaie de Facebook (2017-2021) et la vaccination contre la Covid-19 (2020-2021). Nous développons un cadre d’analyse qui conceptualise l’acceptabilité sociale en tant que trajectoire dynamique de légitimation et de justification autour de trois piliers : éco-traditionnel, symbolique et technique. Cet article enrichit notre compréhension des enjeux d’acceptabilité sociale et offre des perspectives de recherche à l’interface de l’acceptabilité sociale, de la légitimation et des logiques institutionnelles.
Mots-clés :
- acceptabilité sociale,
- légitimité,
- logiques institutionnelles,
- économies de la grandeur,
- controverse
Resumen
La literatura aborda genéricamente las controversias sobre la falta de aceptación social de proyectos, obviando en gran medida sus particularidades. Sostenemos, en cambio, que cada trayectoria de aceptación social (o la falta de ella) es única. Este artículo lo demuestra mediante análisis cualitativos de tres proyectos controversiales: la minería de uranio Matoush (2006-2020), la criptomoneda de Facebook (2017-2021) y la vacunación contra la Covid-19 (2020-2021). Presentamos un marco analítico que conceptualiza la aceptación social como una trayectoria dinámica de legitimación y justificación con tres pilares: eco-tradicional, simbólico y técnico. Así, enriquecemos la comprensión de los problemas de aceptación social y brindamos perspectivas de investigación en la interfaz de la aceptación social, legitimación y lógicas institucionales.
Palabras clave:
- aceptabilidad social,
- legitimidad,
- lógicas institucionales,
- economías de la grandeza,
- controversia
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Adkins, R. T. et Swan, J. E. (1982). Improving the Public Acceptance of Sales People Through Professionalization. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 2(1), 32-38. https://doi.org/DOI : 10.1080/08853134.1982.10754323
- Alaimo, K. (2018). Mark Zuckerberg has lost all credibility with Congress – and the rest of us. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/21/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-misled-congress-privacy-nyt-alaimo/index.html
- Alford, R. R. et Friedland, R. (1985). Powers of Theory: Capitalism, the State, and Democracy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511598302
- Baba, S., Courcelles, R., & Dunn, M. (2022). Acceptabilité sociale : cinq bonnes pratiques à promouvoir. Gestion, 47(3), 39-42.
- Baba, S., Hemissi, O., Berrahou, Z., & Traiki, C. (2021). The Spatiotemporal Dimension of the Social License to Operate: The Case of a Landfill Facility in Algeria. Management International, 25(4), 247-266. doi:https://doi.org/10.7202/1083853ar
- Baba, S., Mohammad, S., & Young, C. (2021). Managing project sustainability in the extractive industries: Towards a reciprocity framework for community engagement. International Journal of Project Management, 39(8), 887-901. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2021.09.002
- Baba, S., & Raufflet, E. (2017). Acceptabilité sociale et projets de développement en Algérie: tendances, enjeux et expériences. In B. M’Zali, C. Hervieux, & M. M’Hamdi (Eds.), Un regard croisé d’experts et chercheurs sur la RSE: D’un contexte global au contexte de pays émergents (pp. 263-295). Montreal, Canada: Editions JFD.
- Baba, S. et Raufflet, E. (2014). Managing Relational Legacies: Lessons from British Columbia, Canada. Administrative Sciences, 4(1), 15-34.
- Baba, S., Sasaki, I. et Vaara, E. (2021). Increasing Dispositional Legitimacy: Progressive Legitimation Dynamics in a Trajectory of Settlements. Academy of Management Journal, 64(6), 1-46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0330
- Baillargeon, S. (2021). Comment expliquer l’indiscipline sanitaire? . Le Devoir. https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/592772/coronavirus-comment-expliquer-l-indiscipline-sanitaire
- Baines, J. et Edwards, P. (2018). The role of relationships in achieving and maintaining a social licence in the New Zealand aquaculture sector. Aquaculture, 485, 140-146. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.11.047
- Batellier, P. (2016). Acceptabilité sociale des grands projets à fort impact socio-environnemental au Québec: définitions et postulats. VertigO, 16(1). https://doi.org/DOI:10.4000/vertigo.16920
- Bobbish, D. (2014). Presentation on BAPE Hearings On Uranium. https://archives.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/mandats/uranium-enjeux/documents/MEM49.pdf
- Boiral, O., Heras-Saizarbitoria, I. et Brotherton, M.-C. (2019). Corporate sustainability and indigenous community engagement in the extractive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 235, 701-711.
- Boltanski, L. et Thévenot, L. (1991). De la justification. Les économies de la grandeur. Gallimard.
- Bouie, J. (2020). Facebook Has Been a Disaster for the World. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/18/opinion/facebook-democracy.html
- Boutilier, R. G. et Thomson, I. 2011. The social license to operate. Dans P. Darling (Ed.), SME Mining Engineering Handbook: 673-690. Colorado: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration.
- Boutilier, R. G. et Zdziarski, M. (2017). Managing stakeholder networks for a social license to build. Construction Management and Economics, 35(8-9), 498-513.
- Brandl, J., Daudigeos, T., Edwards, T. et Pernkopf-Konhäusner, K. (2014). Why French Pragmatism Matters to Organizational Institutionalism. Journal of Management Inquiry, 23(3), 314-318.
- Breviglieri, M. et Stavo-Debauge, J. (1999). Le geste pragmatique de la sociologie française. Autour des travaux de Luc Boltanski et Laurent Thévenot. Anthropologica, 7, 7-22.
- Bunnell, F. L. (1976). Forestry-Wildlife: Whither the Future. The Forestry Chronicle, 52(3), 147-149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc52147-3
- Castillo, M. d. (2019). Visa Exits Facebook’s Libra Cryptocurrency Group. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaeldelcastillo/2019/10/11/visa-exits-facebooks-libra-cryptocurrency-group/?sh=68fb683e275f
- CBC News. (2014, 28 octobre 2014). Cree leaders in Quebec use social media for campaign against uranium. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/cree-leaders-in-quebec-use-social-media-for-campaign-against-uranium-1.2809137
- Chenel, T. (2021). Les cryptomonnaies facilitent des activités criminelles et la fraude fiscale, insiste l’OCDE Business Insider France. https://www.businessinsider.fr/les-cryptomonnaies-facilitent-des-activites-criminelles-et-la-fraude-fiscale-insiste-locde-186754
- Cheung, A. T. M. et Parent, B. (2021). Mistrust and inconsistency during COVID-19: considerations for resource allocation guidelines that prioritise healthcare workers Journal of Medical Ethics, 47(2), 73-77. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106801
- Cloutier, C., Gond, J.-P. et Leca, B. (2017). Justification, Evaluation and Critique in the Study of Organizations: Contributions from French Pragmatist Sociology (vol. 52). Emerald.
- Cloutier, C. et Langley, A. (2013). The Logic of Institutional Logics: Insights From French Pragmatist Sociology. Journal of Management Inquiry, 22(4), 360-380.
- Costanza, J. N. (2016, Mar). Mining Conflict and the Politics of Obtaining a Social License: Insight from Guatemala [Article]. World Development, 79, 97-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.10.021
- Crawford, L. et Pollack, J. (2004). Hard and soft projects: A framework for analysis. International Journal of Project Management, 22(8), 645-653.
- Cree Nation Government. (2020). Cree Nation Welcomes Court of Appeal’s Dismissal of Strateco’s Claim. https://www.cngov.ca/cree-nation-welcomes-court-of-appeals-dismissal-of-stratecos-claim/
- Criddle, C. (2020). Facebook sued over Cambridge Analytica data scandal. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54722362
- Cruz, T. L., Matlaba, V. J., Mota, J. A. et Jorge, F. d. S. (2020). Measuring the social license to operate of the mining industry in an Amazonian town: A case study of Canaã dos Carajás, Brazil. Resources Policy. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101892
- Dalton, M. (2020). Facebook’s Diem: Will the Global Cryptocurrency Go Live in 2021? Bitrates. https://www.bitrates.com/news/p/facebooks-diem-will-the-global-cryptocurrency-go-live-in-2021
- Dave, A. (1972). Social Acceptability of the Systems Approach in Educational Planning Educational Technology, 12(2), 65-67. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/44417793
- Demers, C. et Gond, J.-P. (2020). The Moral Microfoundations of Institutional Complexity: Sustainability implementation as compromise-making at an oil sands company. Organization Studies, 41(4), 563-586. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840619867721
- Derakhshan, R. (2020). Building Projects on the Local Communities’ Planet: Studying Organizations’ Care-Giving Approaches. Journal of Business Ethics, 1-20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-020-04636-9
- Déry, R., Pezet, A. et Sardais, C. (2020). Le management (2e éd.). Éditions JFD.
- Di Maddaloni, F. et Davis, K. (2018). Project manager’s perception of the local communities’ stakeholder in megaprojects. An empirical investigation in the UK. International Journal of Project Management, 36(3), 542-565. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.11.003
- Dionne, K.-E., Mailhot, C. et Langley, A. (2019). Modeling the Evaluation Process in a Public Controversy. Organization Studies, 40(5), 651-679. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840617747918
- Druckman, D. et Olekalns, M. (2011). Turning Points in Negotiation. Negotiation and conflict management research, 4(1), 1-7.
- Durand, R. et Thornton, P. H. (2018). Categorizing Institutional Logics, Institutionalizing Categories: A Review of Two Literatures. Academy of Management Annals, 12(2), 631-658. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0089
- Eisenhardt, K. M. (2021). What is the Eisenhardt Method, really? Strategic Organization, 19(1), 147-160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1476127020982866
- Eisenhardt, K. M. et Graebner, M. E. (2007). Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 25-32.
- Flick, U. 2018. Triangulation in Data Collection. Dans U. Flick (Ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection 527-544. London: SAGE.
- Fortin-Lefebvre, E. et Baba, S. (2021). Indigenous Entrepreneurship and Organizational Tensions: When Marginality and Entrepreneurship Meet. Management International, 25(5), 151-170. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7202/1085043ar
- Fournis, Y., Mbaye, O. et Guy, E. (2016). L’acceptabilité sociale des activités portuaires au Québec : vers une gouvernance territoriale? . Organisations & Territoires, 25(1), 21-30.
- France 24. (2021). Cinquième samedi de mobilisation en France contre le passe sanitaire. France 24. https://www.france24.com/fr/france/20210814-cinqui%C3%A8me-samedi-de-mobilisation-en-france-contre-le-passe-sanitaire
- Francoeur, L.-G. (2015). Les enjeux de la filière uranifèreau Québec: les enjeux de la filière uranifèreau Québec. https://archives.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/rapports/publications/bape308.pdf
- Galaway, B. (1984). A Survey of Public Acceptance of Restitution as an Alternative to Imprisonment for Property Offenders. Journal of Criminology, 17(2), 108-117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/000486588401700206
- Gehman, J., Lefsrud, L. M. et Fast, S. (2017). Social license to operate: Legitimacy by another name? Canadian Public Administration, 60(2), 293-317.
- Gendron, C. (2014). Penser l’acceptabilité sociale : au-delà de l’intérêt, les valeurs. Revue internationale Communication sociale et publique, (11), 117-129. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4000/communiquer.584
- Gond, J.-P., Cruz, L. B., Raufflet, E. et Charron, M. (2016). To Frack or Not to Frack? The Interaction of Justification and Power in a Sustainability Controversy. Journal of Management Studies, 53(3), 330-363.
- Grand Conseil des Cris. (2013). Les Cris contestent le geste de Strateco visant à contourner le processus relatif aux traités English. https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/les-cris-contestent-le-geste-de-strateco-visant-a-contourner-le-processus-relatif-aux-traites-511859281.html
- Grand Council of the Crees of Eeyou Istchee. (2014a). The Cree Nation’s Stand Against Uranium Development in Eeyou Istchee. https://archives.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/mandats/uranium-enjeux/documents/MEM205.pdf
- Grand Council of the Crees of Eeyou Istchee. (2014b). The Cree Nation keeps Uranium in the spotlight. https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/the-cree-nation-keeps-uranium-in-the-spotlight-517484421.html
- Grand Council of the Crees of Eeyou Istchee. (2014c). La Nation crie de la Baie James réaffirme le moratoire permanent sur l’uranium dans Eeyou Istchee. https://www.newswire.ca/fr/news-releases/la-nation-crie-de-la-baie-james-reaffirme-le-moratoire-permanent-sur-luranium-dans-eeyou-istchee-515222331.html
- Greenwood, R., Raynard, M., Kodeih, F., Micelotta, E. R. et Lounsbury, M. (2011). Institutional Complexity and Organizational Responses. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 317-371. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2011.590299
- Hafsi, T. et Baba, S. (2022). Exploring the Process of Policy Overreaction: The COVID-19 Lockdown Decisions. Journal of Management Inquiry. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/10564926221082494
- Harry Jebsen, J. (1979). The Public Acceptance of Sports in Dallas, 1880-1930. Journal of Sport History 6(3), 5-19. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/43608999
- Hern, A. (2019). PayPal pulls out of Facebook’s Libra cryptocurrency. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/oct/07/paypal-pulls-out-facebook-libra-cryptocurrency
- Houck, O. A. (2010). Taking Back Eden: Eight Environmental Cases that Changed the World. Island Press.
- IHU Méditerranée-Infection. (2021). Il n’y a pas de thaumaturge ! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgE5MLF4EJg
- Karimi, F. et Toikka, A. (2014). The relation between cultural structures and risk perception: How does social acceptance of carbon capture and storage emerge? Energy Procedia, 63, 7087-7095.
- Kerkour, T. (2021). Les géants de la tech exigent que leurs salariés se fassent vacciner pour revenir au bureau. Le Figaro,. https://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/google-va-exiger-des-employes-de-ses-bureaux-qu-ils-soient-vaccines-20210728
- Kim, S. et Kim, S. (2015). The role of value in the social acceptance of science-technology. International Review of Public Administration, 20(3), 305-322.
- Kipping, M. et Üsdiken, B. (2014). History in Organization and Management Theory: More Than Meets the Eye. Academy of Management Annals, 8(1), 535-588.
- Klineberg, S. L. (1980). Social acceptability of satellite power systems (SPS): the near-term outlook. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7085231
- Koley, T. K. et Dhole, M. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic: The Deadly Coronavirus Outbreak. Routledge.
- Labelle, F. (2006). Les trois C de la performance sociétale organisationnelle : convention, compromis, cohérence. Gestion: Revue internationale de gestion, 31(2), 75-82.
- Lagos, C. P. (2020). Rendre visibles les conséquences de la surveillance numérique. Communication, 37(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4000/communication.13252
- Le Soleil. (2021). Des médecins d’urgence exigent plus de transparence sur la distribution des vaccins. Le Soleil. https://www.lesoleil.com/actualite/covid-19/des-medecins-durgence-exigent-plus-de-transparence-sur-la-distribution-des-vaccins-b940fc97a0a916747036c10c9677d81c
- Maclean, M., Harvey, C. et Clegg, S. R. (2016). Conceptualizing Historical Organization Studies. Academy of Management Review, 41(4), 609-632.
- Maillé, M.-È., Baba, S., & Marcotte, G. (2023). Social license to operate: Social acceptance in the Quebec context. The Extractive Industries and Society, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2023.101269
- Mann, M., Mitchell, P., Foth, M. et Anastasiu, I. (2020). #BlockSidewalk to Barcelona: Technological sovereignty and the social license to operate smart cities. The Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 71(9), 1103-1115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24387
- Marion, P. (2021). Covid-19 : jusqu’où le passe sanitaire pourrait-il être étendu ? Le Figaro. https://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/covid-19-jusqu-ou-le-passe-sanitaire-pourrait-il-etre-etendu-20210810
- Martens, M. L. et Carvalho, M. M. (2017). Key factors of sustainability in project management context: A survey exploring the project managers’ perspective. International Journal of Project Management, 35, 1084-1102.
- Martinez, C. et Franks, D. M. (2014). Does mining company-sponsored community development influence social licence to operate? Evidence from private and state-owned companies in Chile [Article]. Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal, 32(4), 294-303. https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2014.929783
- McPherson, C. M. et Sauder, M. (2013). Logics in Action : Managing Institutional Complexity in a Drug Court. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(2), 165-196. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0001839213486447
- Mercola, J. et Cummins, R. (2021). The Truth About Covid-19: Exposing the Great Reset, Lockdowns, Vaccine Passports, and the New Normal. Chelsea Green Publishing.
- Mercure, P. (2020). La transparence, c’est bien, la clarté, c’est mieux La Presse. https://www.lapresse.ca/debats/editoriaux/2020-11-08/mesures-sanitaires/la-transparence-c-est-bien-la-clarte-c-est-mieux.php
- Metzner, C. A., Bashshur, R. L. et Shannon, G. W. (1972). Differential Public Acceptance of Group Medical Practice Medical Care, 10(4), 279-287. https://doi.org/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3763213
- Moore, W. H. (1996, Oct). The social license to operate [Article]. Pima Magazine, 78(10), 22-23. <GO to ISI>://WOS:A1996VM12700034
- Muller, S. M. (2021). The dangers of performative scientism as the alternative to anti-scientific policymaking: A critical, preliminary assessment of South Africa’s Covid-19 response and its consequences. World Development, 140. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105290
- Neeposh, T. (2014). Thomas Neeposh au nom du Grand Council of the Crees of Eeyou Istchee. https://archives.bape.gouv.qc.ca/sections/rapports/publications/bape308.pdf
- Nyembo, N. et Lees, Z. (2020). Barriers to implementing a social license to operate in mining communities: A case study of peri-urban South Africa. The Extractive Industries and Society, 7(1), 153-160. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2020.01.007
- Ofori, J. J. Y. et Ofori, D. R. (2019). Earning a social license to operate: Perspectives of mining communities in Ghana. The Extractive Industries and Society, 6(2), 531-541.
- Otway, H. J. et Winterfeldt, D. V. (1982). Beyond acceptable risk: On the social acceptability of technologies. Policy Sciences, 14, 247–256. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00136399
- Pache, A.-C. et Santos, F. (2010). When words collide: the internal dynamics of organizational responses to conflicting institutional demands. Academy of Management Journal, 35(3), 455-476.
- Pasquero, J. (2008). Entreprise, développement durable et théorie des parties prenantes : esquisse d’un arrimage socio-constructionniste. Management International, 12(2), 27-48.
- Patriotta, G., Gond, J.-P. et Schultz, F. (2011). Maintaining Legitimacy: Controversies, Orders of Worth and Public Justifications. Journal of Management Studies, 48(8), 1804-1836.
- Paul, K. (2019). Libra: Facebook launches cryptocurrency in bid to shake up global finance. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jun/18/libra-facebook-cryptocurrency-new-digital-money-transactions
- Pernkopf-Konhäusner, K. (2014). The Competent Actor: Bridging Institutional Logics and French Pragmatist Sociology. Journal of Management Inquiry, 23(3), 333-337.
- Prno, J. (2013, Dec). An analysis of factors leading to the establishment of a social licence to operate in the mining industry [Article]. Resources Policy, 38(4), 577-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2013.09.010
- Prno, J. et Slocombe, D. (2014, Mar). A Systems-Based Conceptual Framework for Assessing the Determinants of a Social License to Operate in the Mining Industry [Article]. Environmental Management, 53(3), 672-689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-013-0221-7
- Putnam, L. L. et Fuller, R. P. (2014). Turning Points and Negotiation: The Case of the 2007–2008 Writers’ Strike. Negotiation and conflict management research, 7(3), 188-212.
- Quentin, A. (2021). Les géants pharmaceutiques font passer leur intérêt financier avant l’intérêt général. Libération. https://www.liberation.fr/economie/les-geants-pharmaceutiques-font-passer-leur-interet-financier-avant-linteret-general-20210729_KXMFWZYBG5CV5O3XT7M3TVVNFY/
- Radio-Canada. (2013). Uranium: les Cris contestent les procédures judiciaires entamées par Ressources Strateco. Radio-Canada. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/596581/uranium-cris-strateco
- Radio-Canada. (2017, 21 juin 2017). La requête de Ressources Strateco rejetée par la Cour supérieure du Québec. Radio-Canada. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1041095/la-requete-de-ressources-strateco-rejetee-par-la-cour-superieure-du-quebec
- Radio-Canada. (2021a). Le passeport vaccinal ne fait pas l’unanimité en Estrie. Radio-Canada. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1814727/covid-vaccin-ouvetrture-fermeture-restaurant
- Radio-Canada. (2021b). Passeport vaccinal : l’opposition à Québec continue de dénoncer l’absence de débats. Radio-Canada. https://ici.radio-canada.ca/nouvelle/1816340/passeport-sanitaire-vaccin-francois-legault-eric-duhaime
- Raoult, D. (2021). Covid-19 : carnets de guerre. Michel Lafon.
- Raufflet, E., Baba, S., Perras, C. et Delannon, N. 2013. Social License. Dans S. O. Idowu, N. Capaldi, L. Zu et A. D. Gupta (dir.), Encyclopedia of Corporate Social Responsibility: 2223-2230. Heidelberg, Germany: The Springer.
- Reay, T. et Hinings, C. R. (2009). Managing the Rivalry of Competing Institutional Logics. Organization Studies, 30(6), 629-652.
- Rettino-Parazelli, K. (2014, 16 décembre 2014). Le projet de Strateco est trop petit pour être rentable Le Devoir. https://www.ledevoir.com/economie/426798/uranium-le-projet-de-strateco-est-trop-petit-pour-etre-rentable
- Rodriguez, S. (2019). https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/22/facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerbergs-prepared-remarks-before-congress.html . CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/22/facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerbergs-prepared-remarks-before-congress.html
- Roof, K. (2022, January 27, 2022). Zuckerberg’s Crypto Initiative Diem to Sell Assets to Silvergate Capital for $200 Million. Bloomberg.
- Rooney, D., Leach, J. et Ashworth, P. (2014). Doing the Social in Social License [Article]. Social Epistemology, 28(3-4), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2014.922644
- Saenz, C. (2021). Creating Shared Value to get Social License to Operate in the Extractive Industry: A Framework for Managing and Achieving the Social License to Operate. Emerald Publishing Limited.
- Shaw, J. A., Sethi, N. et Cassel, C. K. (2020). Social license for the use of big data in the COVID-19 era. Digital Medicine, 3(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00342-y
- Sims, J. H. et Baumann, D. D. (1974). Renovated waste water: The question of public acceptance. Water Resources Research, 10(4), 659-665. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/WR010i004p00659
- Smits, C. C. A., Leeuwen, J. et Tatenhove, J. P. M. v. (2017). Oil and gas development in Greenland: A social license to operate, trust and legitimacy in environmental governance. Resources Policy, 53, 109-116.
- Suddaby, R., Bitektine, A. et Haack, P. (2017). Legitimacy. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 451-478.
- Syn, J. (2014). The Social License: Empowering Communities and a Better Way Forward [Article]. Social Epistemology, 28(3-4), 318-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02691728.2014.922640
- Tegnell, A. (2021). The Swedish public health response to COVID-19. Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, 129(7), 320-323. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.13112
- Thevenot, L. et Lafaye, C. (1993). Une justification écologique ? Conflits dans l’aménagement de la nature. Revue française de sociologie, 34(34-4), 495-524.
- Thornton, P. et Ocasio, W. (1999). Institutional Logics and the Historical Contingency of Power in Organizations: Executive Succession in the Higher Education Publishing Industry, 1958– 1990 American Journal of Sociology 105(3), 801-843. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1086/210361
- Timmermans, S. et Tavory, I. (2012). Theory Construction in Qualitative Research: From Grounded Theory to Abductive Analysis. Sociological Theory, 30(3), 167-186.
- TVA Nouvelles. (2012, 9 août 2012). Les Cris opposés à l’exploitation de l’uranium sur leur territoire. TVA Nouvelles. https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2012/08/09/les-cris-opposes-a-lexploitation-de-luranium-sur-leur-territoire
- United States Senate. 2019. Hearing Before the United States Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs: 7.
- Vanclay, F. et Hanna, P. (2019). Conceptualizing Company Response to Community Protest: Principles to Achieve a Social License to Operate. Land Use Policy, 8(6). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/land8060101
- Vanian, J. (2018). Facebook Is the Least Trusted Major Tech Company When it Comes to Safeguarding Personal Data, Poll Finds. Fortune. https://fortune.com/2018/11/08/mark-zuckerberg-facebook-reputation/
- Voyer, M. et Leeuwen, J. (2019). ‘Social license to operate’ in the Blue Economy. Resources Policy, 62, 102-113. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.02.020
- Weber, M. (1958). The three types of legitimate rule [Translated by Hans H. Gerth]. Berkeley Publications in Society and Institutions, 4(1), 1-11.
- Wynne, B. (1983). Redefining the issues of risk and public acceptance: The social viability of technology. Futures, 15(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-3287(83)90070-8