Résumés
Résumé
Cet article propose une conceptualisation inédite des conflits interpersonnels en organisation, basée sur l’articulation de quatre grandes dimensions : les processus d’escalade dans la communication interpersonnelle, les phénomènes psychosociologiques, les trajectoires individuelles notamment en termes d’habitus et les facteurs de contextes (dont les dimensions culturelles). L’étude examine l’impact des différences culturelles dans le management de proximité et la régulation des conflits. Nous appliquons le cadre conceptuel à trois cas dans trois pays différents : un centre social en France, une université au Canada, et un organisme culturel en Russie. Dans chacun des cas les relations interpersonnelles sont le facteur décisif, soit d’escalade conflictuelle, soit de construction de modalités de sortie de conflit. L’analyse comparée des trois cas à partir des indices de valeurs culturelles nationales au sens de Hofstede (1994) montre le faible pouvoir explicatif de ces indices.
Mots-clés :
- Communication interpersonnelle,
- conflit,
- habitus,
- psychosociologie des organisations,
- interculturel
Abstract
This article proposes a new conceptualization of interpersonal conflicts in organizations. This conceptualization is based on the articulation of four main dimensions: escalation processes in interpersonal communication; psychosociological phenomena such as social facilitation and identity processes and group life; individual trajectories, notably in terms of habitus; and contextual factors (including cultural dimensions). The study gauge the impact of cultural differences in proximity (local) management and conflict regulation. We apply this conceptual framework to three cases in three different countries: a social Center in France, a university in Canada, and a cultural organization in Russia. In each case, interpersonal relations are the decisive factor, either in the escalation of conflict or in the construction of exit ways to conflict. We conduct a comparative analysis of the three cases based on indices of cultural values in the meaning of Hofstede (1994), which shows that these indices are of poor explicative capacity.
Keywords:
- Interpersonal communication,
- conflict,
- habitus,
- psychosociology of organizations,
- intercultural
Resumen
En la presente investigación se propone una nueva conceptualización de los conflictos interpersonales en la organización. Este nuevo enfoque se basa en la articulación de cuatro grandes dimensiones: proceso de escalada en la comunicación interpersonal, los fenómenos psicosociológicos, las trayectorias individuales, en particular en términos de habitus, y los factores de contexto (incluidas las dimensiones culturales). Uno de los objetivos del estudio es medir el impacto de las diferencias culturales en la gestión de proximidad y regulación de los conflictos. Este nuevo marco conceptual se aplicó a tres casos en tres países diferentes: un centro social en Francia, una universidad en Canadá y un organización cultural en Rusia. En todos los casos, las relaciones interpersonales se mostraron como el factor decisivo, ya sea de la escalada conflictiva o de la construcción de modalidades de salida de conflicto. Realizamos tambien un análisis comparativo entre los tres casos usando los índices de valores culturales de Hofstede (1994). En conclusion, las diferencias de valores culturales nacionales según Hofstede tienen un tenue valor explicativo.
Palabras clave:
- Comunicación interpersonal,
- conflicto,
- habitus,
- psicosociología de las organizaciones,
- intercultural
Parties annexes
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