Résumés
Abstract
Many studies have attempted to explain the long-term underperformance phenomenon of initial public offerings (IPOs). In this paper, we use the specificities of the French market to analyze whether the control-ownership wedge explains IPO long-run performance. Moreover, we investigate whether this relationship is driven by high-tech firms. Using data from a sample of 402 French high-tech and non-high-tech IPOs that went public during 1997-2011, we find that the separation of ownership and control rights of the largest shareholder is negatively associated with long-term performance of French IPOs. This finding indicates that IPOs with disproportional ownership structure underperform other firms in the one- to five-year period following the initial offering. Such separation increases the likelihood that controlling shareholders extract private benefits of control to the detriment of minority shareholders, leading to a low long-term performance. The empirical findings also show that our conclusions are not driven by high-tech firms.
Keywords:
- IPOs,
- high-tech firms,
- long-term performance,
- control-ownership divergence,
- controlling shareholders
Résumé
Cette étude analyse l’effet de la différence entre les droits de contrôle et les droits aux flux financiers de l’actionnaire contrôlant sur la performance à long terme des introductions en bourse. En utilisant un échantillon de 402 entreprises françaises introduite en bourse entre 1997 et 2011, nous trouvons que cette différence est associée négativement à la performance à long terme des entreprises introduites en bourse en France. Ce résultat indique que les entreprises présentant une séparation entre les droits de contrôle et les droits de propriété sont moins performantes que les autres sur un horizon allant de un à cinq ans suivant l’offre initiale d’introduction. Une telle séparation augmente la probabilité que les actionnaires de contrôle tirent des avantages privés du contrôle au détriment des actionnaires minoritaires, entraînant une faible performance à long terme. Les résultats empiriques montrent également que les conclusions ne sont pas causes par les entreprises de haute technologie.
Mots-clés :
- Introduction en bourse,
- entreprises de haute technologie,
- performance à long terme,
- séparation contrôle-propriété,
- actionnaire contrôlant
Resumen
Esta investigación analiza como la diferencia entre control y propiedad de un accionista mayoritario puede explicar el rendimiento a largo plazo de las OPIs. Para ello, disponemos de una muestra de 402 OPIs francesas realizadas en el periodo 1997-2011. La evidencia obtenida indica que la separación de los derechos de propiedad y control del accionista mayoritario se asocia negativamente con el rendimiento a largo plazo de las OPIs francesas. Este estudio permite extraer que las OPIs francesas con una estructura de propiedad desproporcionada tienen un rendimiento inferior al de otras empresas en el período de uno a cinco años después de la oferta inicial. Dicha separación aumenta la probabilidad de que los accionistas mayoritarios obtengan beneficios privados de dicho control en detrimento de los accionistas minoritarios, lo que lleva a un bajo rendimiento a largo plazo. Los resultados empíricos también revelan que nuestras conclusiones no derivan únicamente de empresas de alta tecnología.
Palabras clave:
- OPIs,
- empresas de alta tecnología,
- rendimiento a largo plazo,
- divergencia control-propiedad,
- accionistas
Parties annexes
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