Résumés
Résumé
Deux théories d’internationalisation dominent aujourd’hui la recherche sur le développement des entreprises à l’international : le modèle Uppsala de Johanson et Vahlne (1977) qui fut réaménagé par ses auteurs en 2009, et le modèle International New Ventures de Oviatt et McDougall (1994). Ces théories sont souvent opposées, en particulier sur les dimensions de processus et de vitesse. Dans cet essai, nous proposons d’adopter une vision différente de ces théories en examinant trois concepts qu’elles partagent : l’avantage concurrentiel, l’ouverture internationale et la connaissance. Nous montrons en quoi les théories convergent ou divergent quant à l’utilisation de ces concepts en examinant les postulats sous-jacents à chaque théorie. Nous déduisons de l’analyse que ces théories possèdent des traits communs en dépit de leurs différences et dessinons quelques pistes de recherche qui aideraient à comprendre l’efficience de ces processus.
Mots-clés :
- Réseaux,
- Théories de l’internationalisation,
- Développement international,
- Ouverture,
- Partenariats
Abstract
Today, two theories of internationalisation dominate research on the development of companies internationally: the Uppsala model of Johanson and Vahlne (1977) which was updated by its authors in 2009, and the International New Ventures model of Oviatt and McDougall (1994). These theories often disagree, in particular on the dimensions of the process and the speed. In this essay, we suggest that a different view of these theories should be adopted by examining three concepts that they have in common: competitive advantage, international opening and knowledge. We show how the theories converge or diverge in their use of these concepts by examining the underlying assumptions for each theory. We deduce from the analysis that despite their differences these theories have common characteristics and outline a few avenues of research which will help to understand the effectiveness of this process.
Keywords:
- networks,
- theories of internationalization,
- International development,
- Openess,
- partnerships
Resumen
Dos teorías sobre la internacionalización dominan actualmente la investigación sobre el desarrollo de las empresas a nivel internacional: el modelo Uppsala de Johanson y Vahlne (1977), reelaborado por sus autores en 2009, y el modelo International New Ventures de Oviatt y McDougall (1994). Estas teorías son consideradas a menudo opuestas, en particular en cuanto a las dimensiones del proceso y a la velocidad. En el presente ensayo proponemos adoptar una visión diferentes de esas teorías, examinando tres que conceptos que comparten: la ventaja competitiva, la apertura internacional y el conocimiento. Mostramos en qué convergen y en qué divergen las teorías en cuanto a la utilización de esos conceptos, examinando los postulados subyacentes a cada una. Del análisis deducimos que esas teorías comparten rasgos comunes a pesar de sus diferencias, y diseñamos algunas pistas de investigación que ayudarán a comprender la eficacia de esos procesos.
Palabras clave:
- redes,
- Teoñas de la internationalización,
- Desarollo International,
- Abertura,
- Cooperación
Parties annexes
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