Résumés
Abstract
The present paper focuses on the notion of mediating source-text ideology in press translation, investigating lexico-grammatical resources. This study is partly set within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. The analysis focuses on such features as disambiguation or creation of grammatical metaphors (i.e., nominalisation and denominalisation), changes in transitivity patterns, modifications of the levels of modality, as well as shifts in lexical choice, semantic prosody and cohesion patterns. The source of the texts analysed in this paper is a Polish reprint magazine, Forum, publishing translated articles from a variety of English-language quality press titles. The articles selected for the analysis deal with the Iraqi conflict in 2003 and its aftermath. The aim of the study is to ascertain whether the lexical choice and the syntactic structures employed in the target texts engender changes in the ideological content of the source texts and the projected point of view. Given the nature of reprint press, a hypothesis has been formulated that the source-text ideology might remain unchanged in the process of translation or the translator’s intervention is expected to be minimal. The results reveal, however, that a substantial proportion of the translated texts fall within the category of partial mediation, projecting an altered point of view to a target-text audience.
Keywords:
- ideology,
- grammatical metaphor,
- modality,
- lexical choice,
- cohesion
Résumé
Le présent article traite de la représentation de l’idéologie du texte de départ dans la traduction de la presse écrite, à l’aide d’une analyse des moyens lexicaux et grammaticaux. L’étude s’appuie en partie sur le cadre théorique de l’analyse critique du discours. Les mécanismes analysés sont la métaphore grammaticale, la transitivité, la modalité, le choix lexical, la prosodie sémantique et la cohésion. Le corpus de textes analysés a été fourni par l’hebdomadaire polonais Forum, qui republie des articles de presse internationaux de qualité traduits de l’anglais. Les articles choisis pour l’analyse concernent le conflit irakien de 2003 et ses conséquences. L’objectif de l’étude est d’étudier comment le choix des structures syntaxiques et lexicales peut influencer le contenu idéologique et le point de vue présentés dans le texte de départ. Étant donné le caractère spécifique des journaux qui publient des documents traduits, on a avancé l’hypothèse que les textes traduits devaient rendre fidèlement l’idéologie véhiculée par le texte source ou que l’intervention du traducteur devait être réduite au minimum. Cependant, les résultats mettent en évidence qu’une grande partie des textes traduits tombent dans la catégorie de la médiation partielle, ce qui change le point de vue communiqué au lectorat.
Mots-clés :
- idéologie,
- métaphore grammaticale,
- modalité,
- choix lexical,
- cohésion
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Awdiejew, Aleksy (2004): Systemowe środki perswazji. In: Piotr Krzyżanowski and Paweł Nowak, eds. Manipulacja w języku. Lublin: Wydawnictwo UMCS, 71-80.
- de Beaugrande, Robert-Alain and Dressler, Wolfgang (1981): Introduction to Text Linguistics. London/New York: Longman.
- Bukowski, Michał and Ścigaj, Paweł (2007): Prasa codzienna wobec udziału polskich żołnierzy w operacji “Iracka Wolność.” In: Witold Dzielski and Wojciech Michnik, eds. Irak. Dylematy amerykańskiej interwencji. Kraków: Księgarnia Akademicka, 11-62.
- Fairclough, Norman (1989): Language and Power. London/New York: Longman.
- Fowler, Roger (1991): Language in the News. Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London/New York: Routledge.
- Gumul, Ewa (2006a): Explicitation in Simultaneous Interpreting: A Strategy or a By-product of Language Mediation? Across Languages and Cultures. 7(2):171-190.
- Gumul, Ewa (2006b): (De)Metaforyzacja gramatyczna tekstu w tłumaczeniu symultanicznym. In: Małgorzata Kita, ed. Żonglowanie słowami. Językowy potencjał i manifestacje tekstowe. Katowice: Wydawnictwo WSZMIJO, 161-176.
- Gumul, Ewa (2008): Explicitation in Simultaneous Interpreting – The Quest for Optimal Relevance? In: Ewa Wałaszewska, Marta Kisielewska-Krysiuk, Aniela Korzeniowska,et al., eds. Relevant Worlds: Current Perspectives on Language, Translation and Relevance Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 188-205.
- Gumul, Ewa (2010): Explicitating Political Discourse. In: Christina Schäffner and Susan Bassnett, eds. Political Discourse, Media and Translation. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 94-115.
- Gumul, Ewa and Łyda, Andrzej (2010): Disambiguating Grammatical Metaphor in Simultaneous Interpreting. In: Julian Maliszewski, ed. Diskurs und Terminologie beim Fachübersetzen und Dolmetschen. Discourse and Terminology in Specialist Translation and Interpreting. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 87-99.
- Halliday, Michael A. K. (1985/1994): An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London/New York: Arnold.
- Halliday, Michael A. K. and Hasan, Ruqaiya (1976): Cohesion in English. London/New York: Longman.
- Halmari, Helena (1999): Discourse of Death: The Function of the Local Newspaper Coverage of Huntsville, Texas Executions. In: Jef Verschueren, ed. Language and Ideology. Antwerp: International Pragmatics Association, 179-205.
- Hatim, Basil and Mason, Ian (1997): The Translator as Communicator. London/New York: Routledge.
- Hodge, Robert and Kress, Gunther (1993): Language as Ideology. London/New York: Routledge.
- Jędrzejko, Ewa (1993): Nominalizacje w systemie i w tekstach współczesnej polszczyzny. Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski.
- Kemppanen, Hannu (2004): Keywords and Ideology in Translated History Texts: A Corpus-Based Analysis. Across Languages and Cultures. 5(1):89-106.
- Mason, Ian (1994): Discourse, Ideology and Translation. In: Robert de Beaugrande, Abdullah Shunnaq and Mohamed Helmy Heliel, eds. Language, Discourse and Translation in the West and Middle East. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 23-34.
- Pisarek, Walery (2002): Polskie słowa sztandarowe i ich publiczność. Kraków: Universitas.
- Puurtinen, Tiina (2000): Translating Linguistic Markers of Ideology. In: Andrew Chesterman, ed. Translation in Context. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 177-186.
- Puurtinen, Tiina (2003): Explicitating and Implicitating Source Text Ideology. Across Languages and Cultures. 4(1):53-62.
- Ravelli, Louise (1988): Grammatical metaphor: an initial analysis. In: Erich H. Steiner and Robert Veltman, eds. Pragmatics, Discourse and Text. Some Systemically-inspired Approaches. London: Pinter Publishers, 133-147.
- Reah, Danuta (1998): The Language of Newspapers. London/New York: Routledge.
- Schäffner, Christina (2003): Third Ways and New Centres. Ideological Unity or Difference? In: María Calzada Pérez, ed. Apropos of Ideology. Translation Studies on Ideology – Ideologies in Translation Studies. Manchester/Northampton: St. Jerome Publishing, 23-41.
- Sidiropoulou, Maria (2004): Linguistic Identities through Translation. Amsterdam/New York: Rodopi.
- Simpson, Paul (1993): Language, Ideology and Point of View. London/New York: Routledge.
- Sušinskiene, Solveiga (2004): Grammatical Metaphor in Scientific Discourse. Kalbotyra Slavistica Vilnensis. 54(3):xxx.