Résumés
Abstract
This article offers an analysis of the Spanish translation of The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Dominican-American author Junot Díaz. We look at how the translation by Cuban author Achy Obejas affects the narrative situation, and in particular the solidarity relation between narrator and narratee. In the original, this solidarity relation depends on various forms of intra- and interlingual heteroglossia, which define the narrator’s voice as ethnically and racially marked. While the translation does to some degree neutralize this narrative voice, we argue that the Spanish version does not so much reduce as displace the solidarity effects embedded in the ST onto the relation between the implied author and reader of the TT. We further point attention to some of the differences between the two editions of the translation, directed at European and Latin American markets (Mondadori) and the North American market (Vintage Español) respectively. Surprisingly, the latter uses various paratextual insertions to construct an implied reader at some remove from the bilingual milieu in which the novel is set, and with which many Spanish-language readers in North America are highly familiar.
Keywords:
- Literary translation,
- Dominican-American literature,
- intra- and interlingual heteroglossia,
- narrative voice,
- ethnicity
Résumé
Le présent article fait état d’une analyse de la traduction espagnole du roman The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao de l’auteur dominico-américain Junot Díaz. Nous examinerons comment la traduction de l’auteure cubaine Achy Obejas affecte la situation narrative, et notamment la relation de solidarité entre le narrateur et le narrataire. Dans le texte source, cette relation de solidarité s’établit par plusieurs formes d’hétéroglossie intra- et interlinguistique, qui déterminent la voix du narrateur comme une voix racialement et ethniquement marquée. Bien que la traduction neutralise dans une certaine mesure cette voix narrative, nous voulons souligner que l’effet produit par la version espagnole n’est pas tant la réduction mais plutôt le déplacement de la relation de solidarité entre le narrateur et le narrataire vers une relation entre l’auteur et le lecteur du texte cible. De plus, nous attirerons l’attention sur quelques différences entre les deux éditions existantes de la traduction d’Obejas, qui sont destinées, respectivement, à l’Europe et à l’Amérique latine (Mondadori) et aux États-Unis (Vintage Español). Il est surtout étonnant que cette dernière édition ait recours à plusieurs insertions paratextuelles, ce qui construit un lecteur impliqué paraissant aliéné à l’environnement bilingue dans lequel se situe le roman, lequel est pourtant très familier à de nombreux lecteurs hispanophones aux États-Unis.
Mots-clés :
- Traduction littéraire,
- littérature dominico-américaine,
- hétéroglossie intra- et interlinguistique,
- voix narrative,
- ethnicité
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Bailey, Benjamin (2000): Language and Negotiation of Ethnic/Racial Identity among Dominican Americans. Language in Society. 29(4):555-582.
- Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1981): The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. (Translated by Michael Holquist and Caryl Emerson) Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Berman, Antoine (1985): La traduction comme épreuve de l’étranger. Texte. 4:67-81.
- Berman, Antoine (2004): Translation and the Trials of the Foreign. In: Lawrence Venuti, ed. The Translation Studies Reader. New York/London: Routledge, 276-289.
- Bosseaux, Charlotte (2007): How Does it Feel? Point of View in Translation. The Case of Virginia Woolf into French. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- Browder, Laura (2000): Slippery Characters: Ethnic Impersonators and American Identities. Chapel Hill/London: The University of North Carolina Press.
- Chatman, Seymour (1978): Story and Discourse. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
- Chesterman, Andrew (2004): Hypotheses about Translation Universals. In: Gyde Hansen, Kirsten Malmkjaer and Daniel Gile, eds. Claims, Changes, Challenges in Translation Studies: Selected Contributions from the EST Congress (Copenhagen 2001). Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1-14.
- Ch’ien, Evelyn (2004): Weird English. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Céspedes, Díogenes, Torres-Saillant, Silvio and Diaz, Junot (2000): Fiction Is the Poor Man’s Cinema: An Interview with Junot Díaz. Callaloo (Special issue on: Dominican Republic Literature and Culture). 23(3):892-907.
- Derrida, Jacques (1988): Table ronde sur la traduction. In: Claude Lévesque and Christie McDonald, eds. L’oreille de l’autre: otobiographie, transferts, traductions, textes et débats avec Jacques Derrida. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press, 124-212.
- De Wilde, July (2009): Tout le touin-touin: over meertaligheid en homogenisering. Filter. Tijdschrift over vertalen. 16(4):25-32.
- García Vizcaíno, María José (2008). Cisneros’ Code-Mixed Narrative and Its Implications for Translation. Mutatis Mutandis. 1(2):212-224.
- Green, Lisa (2004): African American English. In: Edward Finegan and John R. Rickford, eds. Language in the United States: Themes for the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 76-91.
- Grutman, Rainier (2004): Multilingualism and Translation. In: Mona Baker, ed. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. London: Routledge, 157-160.
- Grutman, Rainier (2006): Refraction and recognition. Literary multilingualism in translation. Target. 18(1):17-47.
- Herman, David (2002): Story Logic. Problems and Possibilities of Narrative. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
- Hermans, Theo (1996): The Translator’s Voice in Translated Narrative. Target. 8(1):23-48.
- Horn, András (1981): Ästhetische Funktionen der Sprachmischung in der Literatur. Arcadia. 16(3):225-241.
- Kennedy, Randall (2003): Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word. New York: Vintage.
- Koster, Cees (1997): Treinen spotten. ‘Kut. Fuck. Klote. Shit’: het Engels in het Nederlands. Filter. 4(1):40-46.
- Lewis, Rohan Anthony (2003): Langue métissée et traduction: quelques enjeux théoriques. Meta. 48(3):411-420.
- May, Rachel (1994): The Translator in the Text. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
- Meylaerts, Reine (2006a): Heterolingualism in/and translation: How legitimate are the Other and his/her language? An introduction. Target. 18(1):1-15.
- Meylaerts, Reine (2006b): Literary Heteroglossia in Translation: When the Language of Translation Is the Locus of Ideological Struggle. In: João Ferreira Duarte, Alexandra Assis Rosa and Teresa Seruya, eds. Translation Studies at the Interface of Disciplines. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 85-98.
- Munday, Jeremy (2008): Style and Ideology in Translation. Latin American Writing in English. London: Routledge.
- Omi, Michael and Winant, Howard (1994): Racial Formation in the United States from the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge.
- O’Sullivan, Emer (2003): Narratology meets Translation Studies, or, The Voice of the Translator in Children’s Literature. Meta. 48(1/2):197-207.
- Rimmon-Kenan, Shlomit (1997): Narrative Fiction: Contemporary Poetics. London: Routledge.
- Schiavi, Giuliana (1996): There is always a teller in a tale. Target. 8(1):1-21.
- Sollors, Werner (1986): Beyond Ethnicity: Consent and Descent in American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Stratford, Madeleine (2008): Au tour de Babel! Les défis multiples du multilinguisme. Meta. 53(3):457-470.
- Taivalkoski, Kristiina (2002): Traduire la mixité formelle: l’exemple des premières (re)traductions de Fielding en France. Faits de langue. 19:85-97.
- Venuti, Lawrence (1995): The Translator’s Invisibility: A History of Translation. London/New York: Routledge.