Résumés
Résumé
De nombreuses villes universitaires ont connu le phénomène d’« étudiantisation », par lequel la population étudiante se concentre dans certains quartiers urbains. Ce processus est souvent accompagné d’une variété de répercussions négatives telles que le bruit, le vandalisme, le mauvais entretien des propriétés, et, de plus en plus, le développement de résidences étudiantes privées. En m’appuyant sur des entretiens avec des informateurs clés et l’analyse de documents portant sur le cas de Waterloo (Ontario) — le plus grand marché de résidences étudiantes privées au Canada —, je soutiens que l’étudiantisation contemporaine est une caractéristique inhérente à l’urbanisation capitaliste. L’analyse conjugue l’approche des parcours de vie à des théories d’économie politique critique de la ville afin de démontrer comment l’étudiantisation, en tant qu’espace « générationné » défini par des notions socialement construites du mode de vie étudiant, est en même temps un producteur et un produit de l’urbanisation capitaliste. Cette distinction est créée et maintenue tant à l’échelle des quartiers qu’à une échelle plus large, par le biais des stratégies du secteur immobilier et des associations de résidents, et est renforcée par des interventions en aménagement à l’échelle locale, ce qui a souvent des conséquences négatives sur l’habitat étudiant. L’analyse montre également l’importance des différences générationnelles dans l’inégalité sociale et, par là même, fournit une nouvelle explication de la ségrégation selon l’âge. Afin de construire une ville « post-étudiantisation » équitable, la politique et l’aménagement devraient adopter une perspective intergénérationnelle qui prend en compte à la fois les dimensions de la classe sociale et de l’âge.
Mots-clés :
- logement,
- étudiants,
- ségrégation selon l’âge,
- urbanisation capitaliste,
- intergénérationnalité
Abstract
Many university cities have experienced a process of studentification, whereby students become concentrated in particular urban neighbourhoods. This process is often associated with a variety of negative impacts including noise, vandalism, and poor property upkeep, and increasingly, the development of purpose-built student accommodations. Drawing on key informant interviews and document analyses in the case of Waterloo, Ontario — Canada’s largest purpose-built student accommodation market —, I argue that contemporary studentification is an inherent feature of capitalist urbanization. The analysis combines a life course perspective with theories of urban political economy to demonstrate how studentification, as a form of “generationed” space delineated by socially constructed notions of the student life course stage, is both a product of, and serves to reproduce, capitalist urbanization. This distinction is produced and maintained at both the neighbourhood and broader scales, through strategies of the real estate sector and neighbourhood organizations, and is reinforced by local planning interventions, often with negative consequences for students’ housing experiences. The analysis also illustrates how generational differences matter to social inequality, and in doing so provides a novel explanation for age segregation. The imbrication of class and age dimensions in the context of studentification suggests a need for planning and policy to take an intergenerational approach that confronts both simultaneously in order to build a more just “post-studentification” city.
Keywords:
- housing,
- students,
- age segregation,
- capitalist urbanization,
- intergenerationality
Parties annexes
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